Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDI2000 - Immunobiology > 1+2 Intro to immunobiology > Flashcards

1+2 Intro to immunobiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define immunity

A

Resistance to disease with specific reference to infectious diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define immune system

A

Collection of cells, molecules and tissues/organs that mediate resistance to foreign microbes, bacteria, drugs, pollen etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are foreign agents referred to as?

A

antigens + immunogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define self-discrimination

A

Ability to recognise and respond to molecules that are foreign, yet not respond to molecules that are part of self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two arms of the immune system?

A

Innate immune system

Acquired immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the general characteristics of the innate immunity?

A
  • Provides a rapid, generalised, non-specific response
  • Occurs within minutes,
  • May last hours -> days
  • Includes phagocytosis
  • Does not include aby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does innate immunity involve?

A
  • Cells, tissues that are already present in the body at the time of exposure
  • Nothing is created for innate immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does acquired immunity involve?

A
  • Specialised response to particular foreign microbe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the general characteristics of acquired immunity?

A
  • Develops slowly; days to weeks.
  • Two types of response: humoral and cell mediated
  • Has memory
  • Does include aby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define immunisation in relation of acquired immunity

A

Deliberately inducing an acquired response to stimulate immune memory to offer protection from future infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define memory

A

Ability to recall previous contact with a foreign molecule and upon re-contact be able to respond to it with a more rapid + larger response than the initial contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two sub categories of innate defenses? + examples

A
  1. Surface barriers: skin + mucous membrane

2. Internal defenses: phagocytes, NK cells, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two sub categories of acquired defenses? + examples

A
  1. Humoral: b cells

2. Cell mediated: T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of antibodies

A
  • Large Y shaped protein, used to recognise + neutralise foreign material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an epitope?

A
  • Also known as antigenic determinant
  • Part of the foreign material that is recognised by one antibody molecule
  • Antibodies bind to specific epitopes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define specificity

A

Ability to discriminate between different molecule entities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is haematopoiesis

A
  • Where all specialised cell types develop from a common pluripotent bone marrow stem cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where to T cells mature?

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do B and T cells move after maturation?

A

Lymphoid tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are macrophages referred to in the bone?

A

Osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are macrophages referred to in the liver?

A

Kupffer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are macrophages referred to in the lungs?

A

Alveolar macrophages

24
Q

What are macrophages referred to in the spleen?

A

Spleenic macrophages

25
Q

What are macrophages referred to in the peritoneum?

A

peritoneal macrophages

26
Q

What are macrophages referred to in the CNS?

A

Microglial cells

27
Q

What are the types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil

28
Q

What are the types of agranulocytes?

A

Monocyte

Lymphocyte

29
Q

Describe white blood cells

A
  • Defends against disease

- Makes up <1% of total blood volume

30
Q

Name the process by which WBCs leave the capillaries

A

Diapedesis

31
Q

How are WBCs able to move through tissue spaces?

A

Via ameboid motion + chemotaxis

32
Q

Order from most abundance to least abundance of WBCs in peripheral blood

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
33
Q

What do neutrophils generally respond to?

A

Bacteria

34
Q

What do eosinophils generally respond to?

A

Parasites

35
Q

What do basophils generally respond to?

A

Allergies

36
Q

What do lymphocytes generally respond to?

A

Viruses

37
Q

What do monocytes generally respond to?

A

Everything

38
Q

Describe neutrophils

A
  • Polymorphonuclear leucocytes
  • Short lived phagocytic cells (~12hrs)
  • Exit the blood to engage foreign molecules
  • First cells during an inflammatory response
  • Produce peroxide + superoxide radicles (toxic to microorganisms)
39
Q

Describe the microscopy of neutrophils

A
  • Granules stain purple (contains hydrolytic enzymes)
  • 3-6 lobes in nucleus
  • 2x size of RBCs
40
Q

Describe eosinophils

A
  • Release enzymes to digest parasitic worms
  • Role in modulating immune response
  • Role in allergies + asthma
41
Q

Describe the microscopy of eosinophils

A
  • Stain red cytoplasmic granules
  • Bi-lobed nucleus
  • Granules lysosyme like
42
Q

Describe the microscopy of basophils

A
  • Rare WBCs
  • Nucleus is deep purple
  • Large, dark granules containing histamine
43
Q

What is histamine?

A

Inflammatory chemical acting as a vasodilator to attract WBCs to inflamed sites

44
Q

Describe lymphocytes

A
  • Crucial in adaptive immune response
  • 3 types: T cells, B cells, NK cells
  • Found in lymphoid tissue
45
Q

Describe the microscopy of lymphocytes

A
  • Large dark purple circular nuclei with thin rim of blue cytoplasm
46
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Activate macrophages and act against virally infected cells as well as tumor cells

47
Q

B lymphocytes

A

give rise to plasma cells, producing aby

48
Q

NK cells

A
  • Non phagocytic large granular lymphocytes
  • Attack cells that lack self cell surface receptors
  • Induce apoptosis in cancer + virus infected cells
  • Secretes potent chemicals to enhance inflammatory response in contact with target cells
  • forming pores in cell membrane to cause lysis
49
Q

Describe Monocytes

A
  • Leave circulation and differentiate into macrophages
  • Active phagocytic cells; for viruses, infection + intracellular bacterial parasites
  • Activate lymphocytes for an immune response - antigen presentation
50
Q

Describe the microscopy of monocytes

A
  • Abundant pale blue cytoplasm
  • Many granules
  • Dark purple staining/ kidney shaped nuclei
51
Q

Macrophages

A
  • Different types when found in different areas of the body

- All are components of reticuloendothelial system (RES)

52
Q

What are the main functions of RES?

A
  1. Phagocytose microbes in the blood

2. Destruction of aged/imperfect cells

53
Q

Dendritic cells

A
  • From the same precursor cell as monocytes
  • Reside in an immature state
  • Specialised antigen presenting cells (link between innate and adaptive)
  • Found as interdigitating cells of thymus
  • Called langerhan cells in the skin
54
Q

What are the functions of dendritic cells?

A
  • Phagocytise pathogens

- Enter lymphatics to present antigens to T cells inside lymph nodes

55
Q

What cells are able to phagocytose?

A
  • monocytes
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
56
Q

What does APC stand for?

A
  • Antigen presenting cells

MEDI2000 - Immunobiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions