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Chem 121 > 1-2 Essential Ideas > Flashcards

1-2 Essential Ideas Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance composed of a single type of atom, cannot be broken down further. (Copper,gold,iron)

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance that can be decomposed into 2 or more elements (water, table salt)

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3
Q

What is the Law of conservation of matter?

A

Matter can neither be created or destroyed

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4
Q

What are atoms?

A

The smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination.

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

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6
Q

Extensive property

A

Property that depends on the amount of matter present (mass/volume)

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7
Q

Intensive property

A

Property that does NOT depend on amount of matter present (temperature)

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8
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Mixtures with compositions that change from point to point (water & oil, milk & cereal, concrete mixing)

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9
Q

Homogeneous mixture
(solution)

A

Mixtures with uniform compositions and appear visually the same (coffee, milk, air)

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10
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of observations that act as a guide for gathering and checking info

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11
Q

What is a law?

A

Statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations and describes some aspect of the world

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12
Q

What is a theory ?

A

Well substantiated comprehensive testable explanations of parts of nature

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13
Q

What are the 3 domains of chemistry?

A

Macroscopic (large everyday realm), microscopic (super small), symbolic (special language of chemistry -symbols, formulas, equations ect.)

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14
Q

Gas

A

Has no definite volume or shape, expands to fill container

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15
Q

Liquid

A

Has definite volume, but indefinite shape

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16
Q

Solid

A

Fixed shape and volume

17
Q

Plasma

A

Gaseous state containing a large number of electrically charged particles (neon sign, lightning, fluorescent lights)

18
Q

Types of pure substances

A

Elements & compounds

19
Q

Daltons atomic theory (5 postulates)

A

1-matter made of atoms, 2-element = one type of atom, 3-properties of one type of atom differ from others, 4-compounds= 2 or more elements combined, 5-atoms neither created/ destroyed in chemical change

20
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

When 2 elements react to form more than 1 compound the masses react to form a ratio of small whole numbers

21
Q

Law of definite proportions

A

All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass

22
Q

Atomic mass unit (amu)

A

Average mass of atoms
1 amu = 1.6605x10^-24 g

23
Q

Fundamental unit of charge

A

e=1.602x10^-19 C

24
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged sub-particle, w/ low mass located outside the nucleus. Relative mass 0

25
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged sub-particle inside the nucleus. Relative mass 1, defines elements number

26
Q

Neutron

A

Uncharged sub-particle in nucleus. Mass = to protons

27
Q

Atomic number (Z)

A

Number of protons in an atom

28
Q

Mass number (A)

A

Number of protons + neutrons.

29
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms w/ same number of protons but different number of neutrons (diff. Mass)

30
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged atom or molecule (more electrons than protons)

31
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged atom or molecule ( less electrons than protons)

32
Q

Molecular formula

A

Chemical symbols (H2O). Lists number of atoms of elements in compounds

33
Q

Structural formula

A

Symbols & stick bonds (skeletal)

34
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplified composition of compound

35
Q

Isomers?

A

Compounds w/ the same chemical formula but different structures (acetic acids & methyl formate)

36
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.022x10^23/mol

Chem 121 (2 decks)

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