1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A
  • prodromic viral enanthem of measles
  • manifesting two to three days before the measles rash itself. – characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa (opposite the lower 1st & 2nd molars)
  • pathognomonic for measles
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2
Q

What are Koplik’s spots used for?

A
  • diagnostic significance
  • important in the control of outbreaks.
  • Their appearance, in context of a diagnosed case, before they reach maximum infectivity, permits isolation of the contacts and greatly aids control of this highly infectious disease.
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3
Q

Describe the rash for rubeola

A
  • eruption begins behind the ears, at the hairline, and on the forehead and
  • then spreads down the body, - often becoming confluent

Harrison’s

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4
Q

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

A
  • occurs up to 7 years after infection.
  • Diagnosis is
    • clinical (although this has become unreliable in areas where measles is no longer common) and
    • by detection of antibody (serum immunoglobulin M (IgM), seroconversion or salivary IgM).
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5
Q

What does SSPE stand for?

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

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6
Q

What can you say about measles mortality?

A

Mortality clusters at the extremes of age,

  • averaging 1 : 1000 in developed countries and
  • up to 1 : 4 in developing countries.
  • Death usually results from a bacterial superinfection, occurring as a complication of measles:
    • most often pneumonia,
    • diarrhoeal disease or
    • noma/cancrum oris, a gangrenous stomatitis.
    • Death may also result from complications of measles encephalitis.
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