[ 1 & 2 ] 3.1.2 — Amount of substance Flashcards
What is a mole?
A mole is the amount of a substance that contains the same number of elementary particles as there are atoms in 12.00000 grams of carbon-12.
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.02 x 10²³
How do you calculate the number of particles in a substance?
Number of particles = number of moles × Avogadro’s number
What is molar mass?
The mass of one mole of a substance, in gmol⁻¹.
What is the formula linking mass, molar mass, and moles?
m = Mr × n
What law states that the mass of reactants equals the mass of products?
The law of conservation of mass
What is the formula for percentage yield?
% yield = (actual amount / theoretical amount) × 100
What is atom economy?
The percentage of the total mass of reactants that forms the desired product.
Formula for atom economy?
(Mass of desired product / total mass of products) × 100
What is molarity?
Concentration in moles per dm³ (mol/dm³)
Formula linking moles, concentration, and volume?
n = C × V (volume in dm³)
What is volumetric analysis?
The quantitative investigation of chemical reactions by comparing reacting volumes
What is the ideal gas equation?
PV = nRT
What are the units in the ideal gas equation?
P: pascals (Pa), V: cubic meters (m³), T: Kelvin (K), R: 8.31 Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹
How do you convert °C to Kelvin?
Add 273
What is an empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is a molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
What is an ion?
A species with an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a charge.
What is a salt?
An ionic compound made of cations and anions, electrically neutral.
What is a unit formula?
The simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
What are the three parts of a chemical equation?
Identities of species, reaction coefficients, and state symbols
What are the four state symbols?
(s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous
What is a spectator ion?
An ion that remains unchanged during a reaction and is not involved
