1) 1917 February Revolution Flashcards
What were the 20 different ethnic groups in Russia otherwise known as?
Subject Nationalities
How did the Russian government try to unify the subject nationalities?
Russiafication
Why was farming in Russia unproductive and ‘backwards’ before 1917?
1) They used primate hand tools
2) The used strip farming
What proportion of the population of Russia were the aristocracy in 1917?
1%
What proportion of land did the aristocracy own before 1917?
One quarter
What proportion of the population of Russia were the peasants in 1917?
75%
What was the life expectancy in Russia for peasants before 1917?
40
How much did the population of St Petersburg grow as a result of industrialisation between 1881 and 1917?
It trippled
Who reformed industry in Russia after 1905
Count Witte and Prime Minister Stolypin
How did the rising population of cities lead to anger amongst the people of Russia
1) Poor living conditions (living in slums and overcrowded barracks)
2) Poor working conditions (15-16 hour working days)
What was forbidden in factories?
Trade Unions
What was published by Tsar Nicholas II to put an end to the October revolution (of 1905)
The October Manifesto
What was created as a result of the October manifesto?
The Duma
How many times did Tsar Nicholas II change the Duma?
4
What was the name of the Tsar’s secret police?
The Okhrana
Approximately how many people were executed during Stolypin’s time as Prime Minister?
3000+
What did the gallows (hangman’s noose) become known as under Stolypin’s time as Prime Minister?
‘Stolypin’s necktie’
Who did Russia lose a war to in 1905?
Japan
Who led protesters in October 1905
Father Gapon
What did the people of Russia refer to Russia as at the start of WW1?
a ‘steamroller’
Which battle in WW1 was seen as a disastrous defeat for Russia?
Battle of Tannenberg
How many Russian deaths were estimated at Tannenberg
between 30,000 and 78,000
By 1917 what parts of the Russian Empire were under German occupation?
most of Russian Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.
By 1916 what proportion of the Russian army did not have a rifle?
One third
Between 1914 and 1917 how much did Russia spend on the war?
Approximately 17,000 million roubles
How did the Russian government raise money for the war?
1) Tax
2) Printing more money
How many times did inflation occur between 1913 and 1917?
7
How many men served in the army between 1914 and 1917?
14 million men
What socio-economic problems did the virtual collapse of the railway system bring?
1) poor food supply to towns
2) lack of fuel in towns
3) lack of consumer goods
What role did the Tsar take in September 1915?
Commander in Chief of the Army
While the Tsar was away who was left in control of Russia?
Tsarina Alexandria
Why did the Russia people dislike Alexandria?
1) She was German (seen as a German spy)
2) She was rumored to be having an affair with Rasputin
3) She took advice on political matters from Rasputin
4) She ignored advice from the Duma
She replaced members of the Duma
What big impact did the winter of 1916-17 have?
this further disrupted the railways (contributing to more food and fuel shortages)
On what day did many, including the workers of the Putilov Steelworks, decide to protest in Petrograd?
International Woman’s Day
Where was Tsar Nicholas when protests in Petrograd break out?
780 miles away in Mogilev
How many protesters were shot dead by the Russian police/army in February 1917 to kick start the revolution?
40
Who was the first regiment to turn their back on the Tsar’s orders to ‘put down’ the revolution
The Pavlovsky Guards
