1 Flashcards
Denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another.
COMPARATIVE
The study of comparative police system, criminal justice and law is a fairly new field and has corresponded with rising interest in a more established field, comparative criminology.
POLICE
Combination of parts in a whole; orderly arrangement according to some common law; collection of rules and principles in science or art; method of transacting business (Webster).
SYSTEM
Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover insights in the field of international policing.
COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM (From Nimajneb, p.1)
- Common Law Systems
- Civil Law Systems
- Socialist System
- Islamic system
Usually exists in English-speaking countries.
innocent until proven guilt
Strong adversarial system
relies on oral evidence
public trial is a focal point.
Also known as “Anglo-American Justice”
Common law system
> Distinguished by strong inquisitorial system,
> less right is granted to the accused
written law is taken as a gospel and subject to little interpretation
Also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice”
Civil Law Systems:
> Procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.
> Known as Marxist-Leninist Justice
> Exists in places such as Africa and Asia
Socialist System
based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions
Islamic system
what are the comparative research methods?
- safari” method
- collaborative” method
- historical- comprehensive mehthod
published works ten to fall into three categories:
single-culture studies
two-culture studies
comprehensive textbooks
a researcher visits another country
Safari” method
the researcher communicates with a foreign researcher
Collaborative” method
the crime problem of a single foreign country is discussed
single-culture studies
the most common type
two-culture studies
it covers three or more countries
Comprehensive textbooks
the most often employed by researchers. it is basically an alternative to both quantitative and qualitative research methods that is sometimes called historiography or holism
historical-comprehensive method
what are the 4 types of societies?
- Folk-communal societies
- Urban-commercial societies
- Urban-industrial societies
- bureaucratic societies
> are also called primitive societies ( barbaric societies)
> no specification among police
> a system of punishment that just lets things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to
Folk-communal societies
> which rely on trade as the essence of their market system.
> has civil law ( some standards and customs are written down).
> punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient
> religious and kings law
Urban-commercial societies
> which produce most of the foods and services they need without government interference.
> has codified laws ( statutes that prohibit) but laws that prescribed good behavior, police become specialized in how to handle property crimes.
> system of punishment is run on market principles of creating incentive and disincentives
Urban-industrial societies
> are modern post-indutrial societies where the emphasis is upon technique or the “technologizing” of everything, with the government.
> has a system of laws (along with armies of lawyers), police who tend to keep busy handling political crime and terrorism
> and a system of punishment characterized by over criminalization and overcrowding
Bureaucratic societies
The world has become a huge market where you can buy and sell things produced in any part of the world
Indutry
> Decrease in the cultural diversity
> dressing up like westeners
> young people especially are eating more of american or Chinese foods than their own cultural dishes.
> the way people speak is also changing
Culture
> increase in a establishment of international courts of justice where someone accused could be dealt with in any part of the world.
> Interpol is another example of international law enforcement agency
>
Legislation
With increased globalization, people tend to forget their mother tongue and use English instead as there is an idea that it makes them superior in some way.
Language
with the wide use of internet and other kinds of information technology, it has become much easier and faster to share information worldwide.
Information
Globalization has made it easier to raise finance through individuals and firms outside the country that lends money to countries in need for finance
Finance
Powerful countries and individuals nowadays have political control over the whole world, not only their country
politics
what are the two types of court systems of the world?
- Adversarial system
- Inquisitorial systme
the accused is innocent until proven guilty
Adversarial system
> lesser rights are granted to the accused, and the written law is taken as a gospel and subject to little interpretation
Inquisitorial system
