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ZOOLOGY LAB PRACTICAL EXAM #1 > #1 > Flashcards

#1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ocular/eyepiece in a microscope?

A

Contains a lens normally with a 10 x magnification with pointer to aid in locating objects within the field of view.

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2
Q

What is the role of the arm handle in a microscope?

A

Attachment for other mechanical parts.

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3
Q

What does the revolving nosepiece do?

A

Holds and shifts the objectives.

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4
Q

What are the different types of objectives in a microscope?

A
  • Scanner: 4x
  • Low Power Objective: 10x
  • High Power Objective: 40x
  • Oil Immersion Objective: 100x
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5
Q

What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?

A

Platform on which slide is positioned.

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6
Q

What do stage clips do?

A

Hold the slide in place and move the slide on the stage.

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7
Q

What is the function of the iris diaphragm?

A

Controls the amount of light.

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8
Q

What does the condenser do in a microscope?

A

Gathers light from the microscope’s light source and concentrates it into a cone of light that illuminates the specimen.

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9
Q

What is the light source/illuminator in a microscope?

A

Reflects light through the specimen.

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10
Q

What is the coarse adjustment knob used for?

A

Appropriate for focusing on Scanner or Low Power Objective.

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11
Q

What does the fine adjustment knob do?

A

For final focusing.

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12
Q

What is the base of a microscope?

A

Serves as a support for microscopes.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The stage micrometer and ocular micrometer are used for _______.

A

[Calculating Calibration]

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14
Q

What are the magnifications associated with different objectives?

A
  • 4x (Scanner) = 25
  • 10x (Low Power Objective) = 10
  • 40x (High Power Objective) = 2.5
  • 100x (Oil Immersion Objective) = 1
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a compound microscope compared to a dissecting microscope?

A
  • Compound Microscope: 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x (Lower), 2D, Inverted, Opposite of movement being done
  • Dissecting Microscope: 5x, 50x (Higher), 3D, Upright, Aligned with movement being done
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16
Q

What are the three visible parts of an animal cell under a light microscope?

A
  • Cell Membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
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17
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Surrounds the cell and regulates the flow of substances between the cell and its surroundings.

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18
Q

What is the nucleus of a cell?

A

Usually spherical or ovoid structure that contains the genetic material.

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19
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The substance outside the nucleus where the other structures such as organelles are located.

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20
Q

What stain is used to view cellular structures in human cheek cells?

A

Methylene blue.

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21
Q

What is the shape of frog stomach cells?

A

Fusiform/spindle.

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22
Q

What is the shape of frog ovary cells?

A

Spherical-shaped.

23
Q

What is the shape of red blood cells in frogs?

A

Oval.

24
Q

What is the shape of white blood cells in frogs?

A

Amorphous.

25
Q

What is the shape of frog sperm cells?

A

Thread-like.

26
Q

What is interphase in cell division?

A

The resting phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide.

27
Q

What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?

A

Preparation phase where cell growth and the number of cytoplasmic structures increase.

28
Q

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

A

DNA synthesis.

29
Q

What is the role of chromatin during interphase?

A

Genetic material that appears as coiled, thickened, condensed structures forming chromosomes.

30
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A

The chromatin fibers start to appear as coiled, thickened structures forming chromosomes.

31
Q

What is the metaphase stage of mitosis?

A

The chromosomes are aligned at the equatorial region/metaphase plate.

32
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward the opposite poles.

33
Q

What occurs during telophase?

A

The plasma membrane starts to constrict at the region of the equatorial plate.

34
Q

What is early cleavage in animal development?

A

Cleavage cells are called blastomeres that make up the embryo.

35
Q

What is a blastula?

A

Cavity = blastocoel.

36
Q

What does the ectoderm develop into?

A

CNS, sense organs, epidermis.

37
Q

What does the mesoderm develop into?

A

Heart, muscles, urogenital system, vertebral column, dermis of the skin.

38
Q

What does the endoderm develop into?

A

Lining of the intestinal tract, lungs.

39
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protection of the skin
  • Excretion of waste products in the kidney
  • Special functions for the sensory organs through neuroepithelial cells.
40
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Highly cellular
  • Avascular
  • Presence of basement membrane.
41
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A
  • Mesothelium: Covers external surfaces of digestive organs, lungs, and heart
  • Endothelium: Covers the lumina of heart chambers, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
42
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

Secretes mucus.

43
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Lines the lumen of renal calyces, pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder; designed to withstand stretching.

44
Q

What is the role of the matrix in connective tissues?

A

Composed of ground substance and tissue fluid.

45
Q

What are the types of connective tissues?

A
  • Loose Connective Tissue
  • Dense Connective Tissue
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Blood
  • Cartilage
  • Bone.
46
Q

What type of fibers provide tensile strength and flexibility in connective tissue?

A

Collagen fibers.

47
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

48
Q

What are the main types of white blood cells?

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Agranulocytes.
49
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Most abundant type of cartilage, serves as a temporary skeleton for the fetus.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a specialized form of connective tissue that becomes calcified due to mineral deposition.

A

[Bone]

51
Q

What are the layers of the frog’s skin?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis.
52
Q

What is the tunica mucosa?

A

Inner layer of the stomach and intestines thrown into folds.

53
Q

What are the layers of blood vessels?

A
  • Tunica Intima
  • Tunica Media
  • Tunica Externa.
54
Q

What is the structure of the spinal cord?

A

Inner = central canal > grey matter > white matter > dura mater.

ZOOLOGY LAB PRACTICAL EXAM #1 (1 decks)

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