1 Flashcards
First exam for civil service
T’ang Dynasty
Systematized the test content
Ming Dynasty
Mentally retarded indvdls
Distinguishing idiots
Jean Esquirol
Treatment of retarded individuals
Edouardo Seguin
1st RPsy to teach statistical analysis of experimental results
James Mckeen Cattell
Mental test
James Mckeen Cattell
1st truly psych test of mental ability developer
Alfred Binet
Put in place a system of assessments for admission to civil service
Manuel Carreon
Dissertation on PH Studies in Mental Mesurements
Sinfroso Padilla
Research on trends in psych testing in educational, training and research
Carlota
Panukat ng Ugali’t Pagkatao
Virgilio Enriquez
Annadaisy Carlota
Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino
Stable characteristics of an individual
True characteristics
Chance features of the indvl or the situation
Random measurement of error
Tools used to estimate or infer the extent to which an observed score deviates from the true score
Standar Error of Estimates
Random Measurement Error Formula
X = T + E
X = Raw score
T = True score
E = Error
In a reliable test, the value of _ should be close to 0 and the value of _ should be close to the actual test score X
E ; T
Test Development (CoCoTAR)
Conceptualization
Construction
Tryout
Anaysis
Revision
Used to evaluate error associated w administering a test at 2 diff times
Test-retest Method
This type of analysis is of value only when we measure “traits” or characteristics that don’t change iver time
Test-retest
For test-retest, ideally, it should be
6 months or more
When interval between testing is greater than 6months, referred as
Coefficient of stability
Compares 2 forms of tests measuring the same attribute
Parallel/Alternate Forms
2 forms, diff items, same level of difficulty
Parallel / Alternate Forms
Test divided in half then the results of one half of the test are then compared with the results of the other
Split-Half Method
Spearman-Brown Formula w/c allows u to estimate the correlation between 2 halves would have been if each half had been the length of the whole test
Correlation Formula
Degree of correlation among all the items on the scale
Inter-item Consistency
Useful in assessing the homogeneity of the test
Inter-item Consistency
Methods to obtain estimates of internal consistency
- Cronback Alpha / Coefficient Apha
- KR 20
Estimate internal consistency of non-dichotomous items (no right or wrong answers)
Coefficient Alpha / Cronbach Alpha
Coefficient Alpha / Cronbach Alpha typically range from
0 to 1 ; negative values are theoretically impossible
As reliability of our test increases, the highest possible value of the _ increases
Validity coefficient
4 Types of Validity
Face
Content
Criterion
Construct
Make inferences about the broader domain of knowledge or skills
Content Validity
Test to predict performance on another measure
Criterion Validity
The measure of interest being the criterion
Criterion-related Validity
2 Types of Validity Evidence
- Predictive Validity
- Concurrent Validity
Index of the degree to which a test score predicts some criterion measure
Predictive Validity
Index of the degree to which a test score is related to some criterion measure obtained at the SAME TIME
Concurrent Validity
Whether a test measures what it indends to measure. Personality dimensions of personality traits
Construct Validity
2 Types of Construct Validity
Congruent
Discriminant/Divergent
Error in rating tendency to be lenient in scoring
Leniency Error
Systematic reluctance to give ratings either positive or negative
Central Tendency Error
Give higher rating from failure to discriminate mong distinct aspects of ratee’s behavior
Halo Effect
Group of statistics that can be calculated for indvl test items; Helps explaining why a test shows a certain level of reliability and validity; Useful if test is unreliable or fail to demonstrate relationship w criterion mesures
Item analysis
2 Commonly used technique of item analysis
Item Difficulty
Item Discrimination
Appropriate for maximal performance test - Achievement & aptitude
Item Difficulty
Optimal item Difficulty
.5-.7
High p value such as .9…
Most ppl got it right
P = .00 - .20
Very Difficult
P = .21 - .80
Moderately Difficult
P = .81 - 1.00
Very easy
Indicates the extent to which different types of eople answer an item differently
Item discrimination
Separates the bright and poor pupils
Discrimination index
D is the proportion obtained by comparing performance of 2 subgroups of test takers (use in maximal peromance testing)
Extreme Group Method
Multifaceted capacity that manifests itself in different ways across all life span
Intelligence
Intelligence is INHERITED; Belived the most intelligent is equipped with best sensory abilities
Francis Galton
Intelligence as the degree of using experience to solve present and future problems
Henry Goddard
Coefficient Alpha too high
Above .90
WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition) – for adults (16-90 years)
Measures general intelligence (IQ) and cognitive abilities.
WISC-V
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition) - children 6 to 16 yrs old
Measures general intelligence (IQ) and cognitive abilities.
RPM
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Group Administered Ability Test
Non-verbal test assessing abstract reasoning and problem-solving skills.
Ideal for individuals with language barriers or communication difficulties.
Measuring fluid intelligence without cultural or linguistic biases.
Assessing cognitive ability in children, adults, and individuals with speech impairments.
CFIT
Culture Fair Intelligence Test
Group administered ability test
assess intelligence without being hindered by cultural and environmental factors
PNLT
Purdue Non-Language Test
Grp administered ability test
measure mental ability using geometric forms, aiming to minimize cultural and educational influences
RAIT
Reynolds Adaptable Intelligence Test
intelligence test designed for group or individual administration, assessing crystallized, fluid, and quantitative intelligence in individuals aged 10 to 75.
SRA-V and N
Science Research Associate- Verbal and Nok Verbal is a grp administered ability 15 minute timed test claimed by the authors to be a measure of general ability, an individual’s overall adaptability and flexibility in comprehending and following in- structions, and in adjusting to alternating types of instructions
EmPI
Emotions Profile Index (EPI), also known as Plutchik’s Emotional Profile Index, is a forced-choice personality test designed to evaluate the relative importance of certain basic emotions in an individual’s life, based on Robert Plutchik’s theory of eight basic emotion
DAT
Differential Aptitude Test (grp or indvl)
a standardized test used to assess an individual’s aptitude in various cognitive areas, including reasoning, numerical ability, and spatial skills, helping identify strengths and weaknesses for educational and career planning
PKP
Panukat ng Katalinuhang Pilipino (PKP) Test, a tool designed to gauge the cognitive abilities of Filipino adults aged 16 and above
BPI
Basic Personality Inventory (BPI)
personality assessment intended for use with clinical and normal populations to identify sources of maladjustment and personal strengths
NEO-PI 3
NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) is a 240-item questionnaire that assesses the five major domains of personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), along with their six facets, making it a comprehensive tool for understanding personality.
16PF
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
self-reported personality test developed by Raymond B. Cattell, Maurice Tatsuoka, and Herbert Eber that measures 16 primary personality factors, used in various settings like clinical, counseling, industrial, and career development.
SB-5
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SB-V) assesses the intelligence and cognitive abilities in individuals aged 2 years to 89 years old
5 classifications of projective techniques
association
construction
completion
choice/ordering
expressive
WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
intelligence test that measures a child’s intellectual ability and 5 cognitive domains that impact performance.
WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
measure cognitive ability in several areas, such as vocabulary, comprehension, arithmetic, and reasoning skills
SIS
Supports Intensity Scale (SIS), a tool used to assess the level of support an individual with intellectual and developmental disabilities needs to live independently in the community, not an intelligence test.
WJ-III
Woodcock-Johnson III
cognitive abilities and achievement among children and adults
based on the most current theoretical model of intelligence, Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory
designed for use with individuals aged 5–95 years, or in grades kindergarten through grade 18. However, some subtests are appropriate for use with individuals as young as 2 years of age, or in preschool.
CTONI
Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence
both nonverbal intelligence tests designed to assess cognitive abilities without relying on language or motor skills, but CTONI is more comprehensive and takes longer to administer, while TONI is quicker and more focused on fluid intelligence.
UNIT
Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test
a nonverbal assessment designed to measure intelligence in children and adolescents (ages 5 through 17) who may be disadvantaged by traditional language-loaded tests
DAP
Draw A Person Test
individuals are asked to draw a person, and the analysis of the drawing is used to gain insights into their cognitive, developmental, and emotional functioning, as well as personality style.
HTP
House-Tree-Person
projective psychological test where individuals are asked to draw a house, a tree, and a person, and the drawings are then analyzed to gain insights into their personality, emotional state, and potential psychological issues.
KFD
Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) is a projective psychological test where individuals, typically children, are asked to draw their entire family “doing something” to assess their self-concept, perceptions of family dynamics, and interpersonal relationships.
SSCT
Sacks Sentence Completion Test (SSCT) is a projective psychological assessment that uses 60 incomplete sentences to explore an individual’s attitudes, feelings, and unconscious thoughts related to family, sex, interpersonal relationships, and self-concept.
RISB
Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank (RISB) is a psychological test, also known as a projective test, that assesses an individual’s personality, attitudes, and emotional functioning by having them complete a series of incomplete sentences
TAT
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological test that uses a series of ambiguous pictures to assess an individual’s personality, motivations, and underlying themes by analyzing the stories they create about the images.
CAT
Children’s Apperception Test (C.A.T.) is a projective measure for acquiring information about children’s personality and psychological processes. The test, in general, includes a series of 10 quasi-ambiguous pictures to which the child is asked to create a story.
PTAT
Philippine Thematic Apperception Test, is a psychological assessment tool similar to the TAT (Thematic Apperception Test), designed to explore an individual’s personality and emotional responses through narratives about ambiguous images.
MMPI-II
MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) is a widely used DIAGNOSTIC psychological test that measures personality traits and psychopathology, consisting of 567 true-false questions, and is administered and interpreted by trained mental health professionals.
LNNB
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) is a standardized neuropsychological test designed to assess a broad range of cognitive functions, particularly those related to brain damage or dysfunction, and is based on the work of Alexander Luria.
BGVMT
Bender-Gestalt Test (BGT) is a psychological test, also known as the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, used to assess visual-motor coordination, developmental disorders, and neurological impairments in children and adults by having them copy geometric design
MCMI
Milon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
Identifies personality disorders and clinical syndromes.
Based on Millon’s theory of personality.
WRAT-5
Wide Range Achievement Test
Purpose: Assesses basic academic skills (reading, spelling, arithmetic).
Best Used For:
Screening for academic difficulties and learning disabilities.
Evaluating progress in remedial education programs.
KTEA
Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement
Purpose: Measures reading, math, and writing skills.
Best Used For:
Diagnosing learning disabilities.
Planning educational interventions.
BASC
Behavior Assessment System for Children
Purpose: Measures emotional and behavioral functioning in school-age children.
Best Used For:
Identifying emotional and behavioral disorders (e.g., ADHD, anxiety, depression).
Assessing social skills, adaptability, and self-esteem.
GARS
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale
Purpose: Screens for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Best Used For:
Identifying autism symptoms in children and adolescents.
Assisting in early intervention planning.
DST-J / DST-S
Purpose: Identifies dyslexia risk in children (DST-J for junior, DST-S for senior).
Best Used For:
Early detection of reading disabilities.
Developing targeted interventions for dyslexic students.
WGCTA
Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
Purpose: Assesses critical thinking, decision-making, and reasoning skills.
Best Used For:
Selecting candidates for leadership and managerial roles.
Evaluating employees for analytical and decision-making positions
HPI
Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI)
Purpose: Measures personality traits relevant to workplace success.
Best Used For:
Hiring decisions, especially for sales, customer service, and leadership roles.
Predicting job performance and team dynamics.
