1

Question 1

Glasswares

1. calibrated to hold one exact volume of liquid which has a round lower portion with flat bottom and long thin neck with etched calibration line
2. ____ & ___ are designed to hold different volumes rather than one exact volume
   - ______: wide bottom that gradually evolves into smaller short neck
   - _____: flat bottom straight sides and opening as wide as the flat base with small spout in the lip
3. hold liquids during centrifugation
4. used for blood glucose estimation which involves colorimetric analysis
5. NPN tube: meaning
   - color
6. BUN tube: meaning
   - color
7. holds the solution whose concentration needs to be measured

Answer 1

1. Volumetric flask
2. Erlenmeyer & Griffin beakers
   - Erlenmeyer beaker
   - Griffin beaker
3. Centrifuge tube
4. Folin-Wu tube
5. Non protein nitrogen
   - red
6. Blood Urea Nitrogen
   - gold
7. Cuvette

Question 2

Pipets:

1. holds or contains particular volume but not dispense that exact volume
2. will dispense the volume indicated
3. has etched rings and last drop is expelled
4. no etched rings and allows liquid to drain by gravity

Transfer Pipette
1. for nonviscous fluid without etched ring
2. for viscous fluid with etched ring
3. transfers fluids without consideration of specific volume but

Measuring Pipette
1. with graduations to the tip; blow out pipet
2. without graduations to the tip; self draining pipet

Answer 2

1. To Contain pipet
2. To Deliver pipet
3. Blow-out pipet
4. Self-draining pipet

Transfer Pipette
1. Volumetric pipet
2. Ostwald-Folin pipet
3. Pasteur pipet

Measuring Pipette
1. Serological pipet
2. Mohr pipet

Question 3

Venipuncture set

1. syringe consists of (3)
2. used in conjunction with syringes for injecting substances into the body
3. used to apply pressure to limb or extremity to restrict blood flow

Vacutainer set
1. facilitates the connection between needle and tube
2. provides direct path for blood flow from site to tube
3. tubes are _____ to greater vacuum that draws blood into the tube during collection

Answer 3

Venipuncture set

1. barrel, plunger, needle
2. hypodermic needle
3. tourniquet

Vacutainer set
1. adapter
2. two way needle
3. evacuated

Question 4

Equipment:

1. to balance the load on the pan
2. separate blood components
3. sterilizing equipment and materials thru the use of hot air at high temp
4. measure specific time intervals for various processes or expirements
5. to clean pipettes
6. to provide the correct temperature environment

Answer 4

1. Analytical Balance
2. Clinical centrifuge
3. Hot air sterilizer
4. Interval timer
5. Pipet washer
6. Water bath

Question 5

Why should mouth pipetting be avoided

Answer 5

It should be avoided due to contamination and lack of precision. Mouth pipetting has the risk of ingesting or inhaling the toxic chemicals which can cause immediate harm or long term issue. It can also introduce contaminants such as saliva to the sample which can compromise the reliability of results.

Question 6

In relation to pipetting, what is parallax error?

Answer 6

It is the misalignment of persons eye with the meniscus of pipette. This occurs when operators eye is not aligned with meniscus of the liquid in the pipette which can cause volume measurement inaccuracies.

Question 7

Differentiate gravimetric from spectrophometric method

Answer 7

They both verify the accuracy and precision of pipette volumes. Gravimetric measures the accuracy by counting the weight of the liquids that are released, which are usually water or standard solution. While, spectrophometry measures the absorbance of colored solution

Question 8

Why should pipets be drained in vertical position

Answer 8

It is important for reducing residual liquid retention, ensuring precise volume distribution, and avoiding volume discrepancies.