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Question 1

1. What is the transformer where the voltage of the secondary winding is higher than the voltage of the primary?
   a. Step up
   b. Step down
   c. High tension
   d. Autotransformer

Answer 1

C. HTV- high tension; High Voltage
The term “high-tension transformer” is the most specific and widely recognized term for the transformer that steps up voltage in an X-ray circuit. It reflects the critical role of this transformer in generating the high voltages necessary for X-ray production.

Step-up Transformer: While a high-tension transformer is technically a step-up transformer because it increases voltage, the term “high-tension transformer” is more specific to the X-ray circuit context. It emphasizes the extremely high voltages involved.

Step-down Transformer: This type of transformer decreases voltage from the primary to the secondary winding. This is the opposite of what’s needed in an X-ray circuit, where we need to significantly increase the voltage to generate X-rays.

Autotransformer: An autotransformer uses a single winding with multiple taps to provide a variety of voltages. While it can be used to step up voltage, it’s not the primary transformer used in the high-voltage section of an X-ray circuit. Autotransformers are often used in the filament circuit of X-ray systems to control the tube current.

Question 2

2. Which is closely related to the half value layer (HVL) concept in radiation protection principle?
   A. Exposure
   B. Distance
   C. Time
   D. Shielding

Answer 2

D .Shielding
Half-value layer (HVL) is the thickness of a material required to reduce the intensity of a radiation beam to half its original value. This concept is directly related to shielding, as the effectiveness of a shielding material is often measured by its HVL.

Exposure: Exposure refers to the amount of radiation a person receives. While shielding can reduce exposure, it’s not directly related to the concept of HVL.
Distance: Increasing distance from a radiation source reduces exposure, but it’s not the same as HVL, which measures the effectiveness of a shielding material.
Time: Reducing the time spent near a radiation source lowers exposure, but it’s not a measure of shielding effectiveness like HVL.