1 Flashcards
What are the different types of memory?
- Sensory
- Short-term (working)
- Long-term
- Conscious & unconscious memory
What is memory?
The ability to collect information, store it, and then use or recall that stored information in the future
What are the three stages of memory?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
What is the difference between recall and recognition?
- Recall: remembering a name
- Recognition: multiple choice
Recall is more difficult than recognition
Which brain areas are important for memory functions?
- Temporal lobes (hippocampus & amygdala)
- Limbic system
- Basal ganglia
Who was the first to scientifically investigate remembering and forgetting?
Ebbinghaus
What was Ebbinghaus’ finding regarding memory retention over time?
The ability to recall items from a learned list decreased with increasing time
What is sensory memory characterized by?
- Large capacity
- Short duration
What are the two types of sensory memory?
- Iconic memory (visual)
- Echoic memory (auditory)
What is short-term memory (STM)?
Brief temporary memory storage with limited capacity
What is the typical capacity of short-term memory?
7 plus or minus two items or chunks
What are the two types of rehearsal in long-term memory?
- Maintenance rehearsal
- Elaborative rehearsal
What does levels of processing theory suggest?
The deeper the level of processing, the greater the probability of recall
What are the three types of long-term memory?
- Procedural (implicit) memory
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
What is procedural memory?
Unconscious memory for performing various motor tasks
What is episodic memory?
Memories of personal experiences
What is semantic memory?
- Memory for codes & symbols
- Language, words, grammar
- General knowledge of the world
What is context-dependent memory?
Memory recall is better when the learning and recall contexts are the same
What is mood-dependent memory?
Recall can be affected by the mood during learning and recall
What are scripts in memory?
A series of related events that occur in a sequential manner
What are schemas?
Representations of events or places that help recall expected stimuli
What is the general finding regarding eyewitness testimony?
It can be greatly influenced by context and meaning
What is false memory syndrome?
The phenomenon where individuals recall memories that did not occur
What is retrograde amnesia?
The inability to recall past memories
What is anterograde amnesia?
The inability to form new memories
What is long-term potentiation?
An increase in response strength in a neuron, important for memory
What are the major symptoms of Korsakoff’s syndrome?
- Anterograde amnesia
- Retrograde amnesia
- Confabulations
- Meager content in conversation
- Lack of insight
- Apathy
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline
What type of memory is primarily affected in Alzheimer’s disease?
Recent and short-term memory
