1 Flashcards
What types of RNA can be distinguished?
How many amino acids are there?
21
What is Biodiversity? Which types are there?
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of species, genes, ecosystems, and ecological functions
Describe these habitats: fen, marsh
Fen: peat-accumulating wetland that is fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water. Fens can become more acidic and transition into bogs over time
marsh: often in open wetlands, is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes or reeds
Stickstoffzyklus von NH3 (Ammonika) zu N2 (Stickstofff)
During the dentrifikation is NH3 (Ammoniak) converted to N03 (Nitrat) and then to N2 (Stickstoff)
EU water framework/Directive
The European Water Framework Directive requires that rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters and groundwater achieve “good status” by the year of 2027
Fair:
data should be:
Findable
Accessible
Interoperable
Reusable
Main nitrogen pathway
- Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen Assimilation
- Ammonification
- Nitrification
- Denitrification
- Sedimentation
Inland water net source:
3,9
Alpha diversity, beta diversity, gamma diversity
alpha diversity: richness and evenness of individuals within a habitat
beta diversity: expression of diversity between habitats
gamma diversity: landscape diversity or diversity of habitats within a landscape or region
Niche concept
Fundamental Niche:
Everything an organism could potentially do if there were no competition or limitations.
Realized Niche:
The actual niche an organism occupies in the real world, based on what it can do and the limitations imposed by other organisms.
Organism in common
The lipid bilayer membrane is a characteristic that is common in any more complex being (Eucaryoten, Archea and Bacteria)
First monomers
Are the simplest molecules that form together a polymere
monosaccharides -> sugar -> carbohydrates
amino acids -> proteins
fatty acids -> Lipids
nucleobases -> dna
The number of living beings
dn/dt: births + immigrants – death – emigrants
Hydro peak mitigation
The goal of hydro peak mitigation is to prevent flooding and minimize the negative impacts of rapid water level increases.
- Dams and reservoirs, which store water and release it slowly to stabilize river flow.
- Floodplains or retention areas, which capture excess water before it can flood rivers or surrounding areas.
- Reforestation and soil management, which slow down water runoff and stabilize the land.
- stakeholder of lobau restauration
stakeholder: Agriculture, Forest, Grassland
- Redfield ratio: marine or phytoplankton
The Redfield Ratio refers to the stoichiometric relationship between the key nutrients that phytoplankton need for growth in marine environments. It represents a constant ratio of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), which is typically:
C : N : P = 106 : 16 : 1
This means that for every 106 carbon atoms, phytoplankton require 16 nitrogen atoms and 1 phosphorus atom.
Pond (Teich) Definition (Keywords in Hierarchy)
Shallow Water Body
Depth: No deeper than 2 meters
Light penetration to the bottom
Supports plant growth throughout
Higher biological activity
Warmer water temperature (compared to deeper water bodies)
Habitat for amphibians, fish, insects
Important for oxygen production
DPSIR
DPSIR is a framework that helps understand the relationship between society and the environment:
Drivers: Causes of environmental changes (e.g., human activities).
Pressures: The environmental pressures these causes create (e.g., pollution).
State: The current condition of the environment (e.g., air quality).
Impact: The consequences of these changes (e.g., health)
Response: Actions taken to address or mitigate the impacts (e.g., reducing emissions, implementing policies).
- Which cycle does not involve a lot of atmospheres
P-cycle
- Increase in phosphor
An increase in phosphorus across diverse organisms can largely be explained by a higher RNA percentage, especially rRNA, which is crucial for protein synthesis. More rRNA requires more phosphorus, as RNA is phosphorus-rich.
Cryptic diversity
animals that look the same on the outside but are genetically different.
Disparity:
phenotypic difference among species, resulting from the different genes within the Population
Freshwater Biodiversity Loss:
Main causes:
- Habitat changes (e.g. dams, flood protection, river channelization)
- Invasive species
- Pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus)
- Climate change
- Overexploitation
- Impact of pollution
- Excess nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) cause algae blooms.
- When algae die, oxygen is consumed during decomposition.
- Oxygen depletion leads to anoxic conditions, harming most freshwater life
