Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOCHEMISTRY > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Breakdown of substances to simpler forms

A

Catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Synthesis of larger molecules from simpler ones

A

Anabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Losing electron and hydrogen then gaining oxygen

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LEORA

A

Lose Electron
Oxidized
Reducing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GEROA

A

Gain electron
Reduced
Oxidizing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What amino acids accumulate in Maple Syrup urine odor?

A

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What amino acid accumulate in Mousy/Musty urine odor?

A

Phenylalanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Creatinine is directly derived from ?

A

Creatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the parent amino acid of creatine?

A

Arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What amino acid can be produced in the body but during puberty it becomes essential to the diet?

A

Arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What collagen type is defective in Alport Syndrome?

A

Type 4 Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gross hematuria, bilateral sensorineural loss, ocular problems

A

Alport syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of collagen is defective in goodpasture syndrome?

A

Type 4 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gross hematuria, gross hemoptysis

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common type of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

A

Hypermobile EDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most serious type of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

A

Vascular EDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the defective type of collagen in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa?

A

Type 7 collagen Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What factors are considered in determining dietary reference intakes for specific nutrients?

A

1) Age 2) Physiologic state 3) Sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is the daily intake of a specific nutrient estimated to meet the requirement of 50% of the healthy individual

A

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is the daily intake of a specific nutrient estimated to meet the requirement of nearly all of the healthy individuals

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If there is insufficient evidence to calculate for the EAR or RDA of a specific nutrient, what can be used?

A

Adequate intake (AI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Beyond this level of nutrient intake, adverse effects may occur

A

Tolerable upper intake level ( UL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Protein - Amount of kilocalorie per gram of macronutrient

A

4 kcal/gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carbohydrate - Amount of kilocalorie per gram of macronutrient

A

4 kcal/ gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fats - Amount of kilocalorie per gram of macronutrient

A

9 kcal/ gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Alcohol - Amount of kilocalorie per gram of macronutrient

A

7 kcal / gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how much kilojoules in 1 kilocalorie?

A

4.2 kilojoules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) of carbohydrates?

A

46-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

AMDR of saturated and trans fat

A

<10% of total kcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the major issue in Marasmus

A

Caloric deprivation ( Muscle Wasting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the major issue in Kwashiorkor?

A

Protein deprivation (MEALS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What period does the production of colostrum occur?

A

12th-16th week of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Vitamin involved in fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase)

A

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)

34
Q

Vitamin involved in majority of amino acid metabolic pathways

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

35
Q

Vitamin involved in glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase)

A

Vitamin B6 ( Pyridoxine)

36
Q

Vitamin involved in redox reactions

A

Vitamin B2 ( Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 ( Niacin)

37
Q

Earliest sign of Vitamin A deficiency

A

Loss of Sensitivity to green light (deuteranopia)

38
Q

Earliest symptom of vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness (nyctalopia)

39
Q

Type of stone formed in vitamin C deficiency

A

Calcium Oxalate

40
Q

Vitamin B6 toxicity

A

Sensory Neuropathy

41
Q

Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Podagra
(Hepatotoxicity,
Facial flushing)

42
Q

Dermatitis, dementia,
diarrhea (pellagra). What is
the deficient vitamin?

A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

43
Q

Cheilosis, corneal
vascularization. What is the
deficient vitamin

A

Vitamin B2 ( Riboflavin)

44
Q

Confusion,
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia,
dementia, confabulation
(Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome). What is the
deficient vitamin?

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

45
Q

What metabolic pathway
depends on a product of the
citric acid cycle?

A

Gluconeogenesis

46
Q

Posterior column defects
(loss of position sense,
proprioception defect),
hemolytic anemia (pale,
jaundice, tea-colored
urine). What is the deficient
vitamin?

A

Vitamin E

47
Q

Posterior column defects
(loss of position sense,
proprioception defect),
macrocytic anemia (pale).
What is the deficient vitamin?

A

Vitamin B12

48
Q

Helminth associated with
Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum

49
Q

Child presenting with
diarrhea. Besides hydration,
what micronutrient may be
provided?
(but take note that this does
not reduce mortality in this
population)

A

Zinc

50
Q

What vitamin is deficient
among vegans?

A

Vitamin B12
(may occur after 3-4 years
of veganism)

51
Q

What is the first energy
system being utilized by
muscles when initiating
exercise?

A

Phosphocreatine
(Phosphagen system)

52
Q

This salient feature of the
genetic code states that any
specific codon can
represent only one amino
acid

A

Unambiguous

53
Q

This salient feature of the
genetic code states that
reading of genetic does not
involve overlapping of
sequence

A

Nonoverlapping

54
Q

This salient feature of the
genetic code states that more
than 1 codon represent a
single amino acid

A

Degenerate ( Redundant)

55
Q

This salient feature of the
genetic code states that a
specific codon represent a
specific amino acid in all
species of known life

A

Universal
(exception to the rule are
codons of mitochondrial
DNA)

56
Q

Composition of fetal
hemoglobin

A

2 alpha globins
2 gamma globins

57
Q

What pathway produces
ribose and NADPH (used
for anabolism)?

A

Pentose phosphate
pathway
(Hexose monophosphate
shunt)

58
Q

What hormone is increased
during the fed state?

A

Insulin

59
Q

What hormone is increased
during the fasting state?

A

First increased: Glucagon
Second increased:
Epinephrine

60
Q

What happens to the activity
of
fructose bisphosphatase-2
(FBPase-2) and
phosphofructokinase-2
(PFK-2) during the fasting
state?

A

Increase in FBPase-2
activity
Decrease in PFK-2 activity

61
Q

This form of hemoglobin has
high oxygen affinity

A

R form ( relaxed form)

62
Q

This form of hemoglobin has
low oxygen affinity

A

T form ( Taut form)

63
Q

Form of hemoglobin bound to
ferric iron or oxidized form
of iron

A

Methemoglobin

64
Q

Most common defect in
hereditary spherocytosis

A

Ankyrin

65
Q

Mutation in Sickle cell disease

A

Missense point mutation at
the 6th position for the
beta-chain: Glutamate à
Valine

66
Q

Mutation in hemoglobin C
disease

A

Missense point mutation at
the 6th position for the
beta-chain: Glutamate à
Ly-C-ine

67
Q

What is the predominant
hemoglobin if
4 alleles encoding alpha
chains are deleted?

A

Hemoglobin Barts
(contains 4 gamma
globulins)

68
Q

Alpha thalassemia - 1 missing allele

A

Silent carries ( Alpha thalassemia silent)

69
Q

Alpha Thalassemia - 2 missing alleles

A

Alpha thalassemia trait

70
Q

Alpha thalassemia - 3 missing alleles

A

Hemoglobin H disease

71
Q

In hemoglobin H disease, 4 gamma chains

A

Hemoglobin barts

72
Q

3 missing alleles with 4 beta chains

A

Hemoglobin H

73
Q

In Alpha thalassemia, 4 missing alleles

A

Alpha thalassemia major

74
Q

Chromosome involved in
beta chain production of
hemoglobin

A

Chromosome 11

75
Q

What is the secondary
structure of prion proteins
seen in patients with
transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies
(prion diseases)?

A

Beta-pleated sheet

76
Q

What is the secondary
structure of the amyloid
plaques of patients with
Alzheimer disease?

A

Beta pleated sheet

77
Q

This process is involved in
the formation of
hemoglobin A1c.

A

Glycation

78
Q

Substance secreted by
platelets that contributes to
platelet aggregation (also
implicated in pulmonary
hypertension)

A

Serotonin

79
Q

What are the key functions of
the CYP450 enzyme
system?

A

1) Drug and toxin
metabolism, detoxification
2) Steroid hormone
synthesis
3) Vitamin D and
cholesterol metabolism

80
Q

This type of bilirubin is insoluble
in water (bound to
albumin for transport), and
usually increased in states
of hemolysis

A

Un-conjugated bilirubin
(in-direct bilirubin)

81
Q

Hypertension, virilization.
What is the type of congenital
adrenal hyperplasia of the
patient?

A

11-beta-hydroxylase
deficiency

BIOCHEMISTRY (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions