1/17/12 and 2-15-13 forum and 4 and spiritual/breathing

Question 1

Pirfiromis testing? (PRONE)

Answer 1

PRONE

Bend legs at knee (90 degrees) and have patient drop legs laterally (can be done passively by student). Standing at the base of the table, resricted side falls less.

NOTE: piriformis externally rotates the leg. the leg dropping to the side is an internal rotation of the leg. If the piriformis is in spasm, there will be MORE external rotation and less internal rotation. Therefore, the leg that is restricted in moving laterally is the one with the tight piriformis.

Question 2

piriformis testing? (supine)

Answer 2

Can be tested by grabbing the ankles above the medial malleolus (knee must be straight so rotation of the leg is coming from the hip). Turn both legs internally, the leg that internally rotates the least is the piriformis in spasm.

NOTE: observe, when pt is lying flat, if one foot is externally rotated more than the other…then this is the piriformis that is tight.

Question 3

piriformis muscle energy

Answer 3

1. patient supine with knees bent, put foot of dysfunctional side on lateral side of opposite knee. a. make sure to stabilize the pelvis.

2. physician on ipsilateral side of the dysfunction
3. knee is pushed medially until restrictive barrier is felt
4. pt pushes against resistance for 3-5 seconds
5. new barrier and repeat 3 times
6. return to neutral
7. recheckf

Question 4

PSOAS testing

Answer 4

ThomAS test

When spastic the lumbar curve will increase (lordosis). Place hand under back to ensure that the back is onto the table. Begin with both legs at the chest and try to drop one (THOMAS TEST). The back will pop up if really tight and the restriction is the space between the knee and the table.

Question 5

PSOAS muscle energy

Answer 5

1. Pt prone with knee bent
2. the contracted side is lifted off the table until resistance is felt (stabilize pelvis on the SAME side so hip doesn’t lift)
3. The pt is asked to push the knee toward the table
4. Force is resisted for 3-5 seconds
5. new barrier is engaged and the process is repeated 3 times
6. return to neutral
7. recheck

Question 6

Thomas Test as a stretch

Answer 6

1. Can use for stretching a chronic psoas tightening
2. Place one hand on leg above the knee of the straight leg and hold
3. On bent knee, push that knee farther toward the pt’s chest
4. Can prescribe this as a home treatment to be done 3-5 times/day.

Question 7

Weak psoas strengthening

Answer 7

1. pt supine
2. physician with palm under the lumbar lordosis area
3. patient instructed to push against fingers of physician withou using abdominals

instruct pt to tilt their pelvis (pelvic thrust)

4. pt instructed to do this 3-5 times a day

Question 8

hamstring testing

Answer 8

hamstring - hip extension and knee flexion

1. pt flexed, hip flexed at 90 degree angle with knee bent
2. attempt to straighten the knee out vertically with the hip still flexed at a 90 degree angle. Angle is recordable restriction.
3. compare both sides to find tight hamstring, the side in which the leg is straightened least is the dysfunction side

Question 9

hamstring muscle energy

Answer 9

1. pt supine with the hip of the hamstring flexed and knee flexed
2. foot of the patient is placed on the physician’s shoulder and the hamstring is brought to its barrier
3. the patient is asked to push down on the physician’s shoulder against resistance
4. the new barrier is engaged 3 times, by standing up higher each time
5. return to neutral
6. recheck

Question 10

quadratus lumborum

Answer 10

Side flexing

to test: no great test, so you are palpating for tightness/TART changes

a. pt may be leaning to one side
b. Or they say they have pain in the back and you feel spasticity
c. area is broad (rather than a small band which is more likely the psoas)

Question 11

quadratus lumborum ME “perpendicular stretch”

Answer 11

1. patient prone with legs sidebent away from the affected side, physician at the opposite side
2. physicians hand on 12th rib pushing lateral
3. physicians caudal hand grasps ASIS and pulls toward the ceiling
4. During inhalation, the patient is instructed to push ASIS toward the table while the physician resists that movement while exerting a medial and caudal force with the cephalad hand.
5. Resist for 3-5 seconds and then instruct patient to relax
6. Pause 1-2 seconds and take up the slack and repeat.

Question 12

quadriceps testing

Answer 12

ASIS is the origin of the rectus femoris, insertion is the tibial tuberosity, can extend at the knee

PRONE: bring ankles to the butt, the one that doesn’t go to the butt is restricted and is the side you want to treat

Question 13

quadriceps muscle energy

Answer 13

Patient prone with knee of the tightened muscle flexed.

physician gently pushes knee toward buttock to the barrier.

a. use your body or grab ankle

patient asked to straighten knee against resistance 3-5 seconds

pt relaxes 1-2 seconds and is placed to the next barrier

repeat

Question 14

piriformis

Answer 14

origin: anterolateral border of the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint

Anterior portion of the sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: superomedial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

Function: external rotator

Dysfunction: piriformis syndrome: “peripheral neuritis of the sciatic nerve caused by an abnormal condition of the piriformis muscle”

Question 15

Psoas

Answer 15

origin: L1-4 (5)

Insertion: Lesser trochanter on the medial side of the femur

Function: flexes trunk on thigh, flexes lumbar spine, and laterally flexes lumbar unilaterally, Shortens and externally rotates the leg.

dysfunction: L1 or L2 is the key lesion of any psoas syndrome, increased lordosis from weak psoas

Question 16

hamstrings

Answer 16

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: lateral condyle tibia and lateral aspect of head of fibula
function: hip extension and knee flexion
tight: posterior innominate dysfunction

Question 17

quadriceps

Answer 17

Origin: eg rectus femoris. attaches to the ASIS

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Function: extends legs at knee, rectus femoris crosses so hip flexor also

dysfunction: positive Thomas test

Question 18

quadratus lumborum

Answer 18

origin: iliac creast and iliolumbar ligament
insertion: 12th rib, iliac crest, and transverse process L1-L4
function: stabilizes origin of diaphragm, extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral side bending (unilateral)

Dysfunction: low back pain, referred to the hip and groin, exhalation 12th rib dysfunction, diaphragm restriction

Question 19

Steps for diagnosing the sacrum?

Answer 19

Standing flexion test >>> seated flexion test >>> spring test >>> asymmetry of landmarks

Question 20

1) standing flexion test?
2) seated flexion test?
3) 3 things to diagnose the sacrum?

Answer 20

1) Tells you it is an iliosacral or sacroiliac dysfunction.
2) Seated flexion test
- tells you it is a sacroiliac problem - positive side is side of dysfunction.
3) Posterior ILA, deep sulcus, and spring, sphinx, or oblique axis test

Question 21

Forward sacral torsion

Answer 21

FLEXED

1. L on L
   - deep sulcus R
   - inf/post ILA: L
   - seated flexion test: +R
   - spring test: -
2. R on R
   - deep sulcus: L

INF/POST ILA: R

Seated flexion test: +L

spring test: -

Question 22

Backward sacral torsion

Answer 22

EXTENDED

1. Left on right
   
   • deep sulcus: R
   • inferior/posterior ILA: L
   • Seated flexion test: +L
   • Spring test: +
2. Right on left
   
   • deep sulcus: L
   • inferior/posterior ILA: R
   • Seated flexion test: +R
   • Spring test: +

Question 23

Bilateral sacral dysfunction

Answer 23

ILAs and sacral sulci are even

1. blilateral flexed
   - motion decreased bilaterally
   - sacrum flexes but is restricted in extension
   - seated flexion test: + bilaterally

spring test: -

2. motion decreased bilaterally

sacrum extends but is restricted in flexion

spring test: +

Question 24

unilateral sacral flexion

Answer 24

spring test is negative

1. left unilateral

deep sulcus: L

inf/post ILA: L

seated flexion test: +L

2. right unilateral (opposite above)

Question 25

unilateral sacral extension

Answer 25

spring test positive

1. left unilateral extension

deep sulcus: R

inf/post ILA: R

seated flex test: +L

2. Right unilateral extension

deep sulcus: L

inf/post ILA: L

seated flexion test: +R

Question 26

anterior sacrum

Answer 26

One side of the sacral base relative to the pelvic bones has rotated forward and sidebent to the side opposite the rotation.

named for the side on which the forward rotation occurs

ie: anterior sacrum right = sacrum rotated left and sidebent right

upper limb of sacrum has restriction

tenderness adn tissue changes will be at superior pole (near the sacral sulcus)

Question 27

posterior sacrum

Answer 27

sacrum has rotate backward relative to the pelvic bones and sidebent to the side opposite of the rotation

-named for the side on which the backward rotation occurs (opposite deep sulcus)

ie posterior sacrum left = sacrum is rotated and sidebent right

pain and tissue changes at the inforior pole (ILA)

Question 28

sacral treatment, muscle energy

Answer 28

Respiratory assist >>>Use of breathing mechanics during treatment. Remember: When we inhale the base of the sacrum moves backwards/extends (lumbar in flexion) and when we exhale the sacrum moves forward/flexes (lumbar in extension).

Question 29

muscle energy for unilateral sacral dysfunction

Answer 29

1. Patient is prone with arms hanging off the sides of the table. 2. Doctor is standing at the same side of the table as the dysfunction. 3. Abduct and internally rotate the ipsilateral hip until motion is felt at the sacral sulcus. - Gaps and loosens the SI joint. 4. The heel of the caudal hand is on the ILA with the fingers in the sacral sulcus. 5. Apply a constant cephalad and anterior force toward the table. 6. Pressure is applied on the ILA as the patient inhales. 7. Maintain current pressure as the patient exhales. 8. Increase the pressure each time the patient inhales and repeat 5-7 times. 9. Return to neutral and recheck. - May apply a thrust on the ILA at the end of the last expiratory phase to turn this treatment into HVLA. Note: This can also be used to treat an anterior sacrum (hand on ILA of the tender side)!

Question 30

B. Unilateral Sacral Extension

Answer 30

B. Unilateral Sacral Extension 1. Patient in the Sphinx position (propped up with elbows supporting upper body). - This position extends the lumbar and forces the pt’s sacrum into flexion -may be painful. 2. Doctor at opposite side of the table from the dysfunction. 3. Abduct and internally rotate the dysfunction side hip until motion is felt at the sacral sulcus. 4. Hypothenar eminence of cephalad hand is placed on dysfunction side sacral sulcus, the caudad hand is placed on top of cephalad hand. 5. The patient is asked to inhale and exhale forcefully. 6. Increase the anterior pressure on the sacral sulcus each time the patient exhales forcefully and maintain pressure as the patient inhales. 7. Repeat 5-7 times 8. Return to neutral and recheck. Note: This cannot be used to treat a posterior sacrum. A posterior sacrum is NOT the same as a backward sacral torsion or unilateral sacral extension.

Question 31

sacral torsions

Answer 31

. Sacral Torsions Things to keep in mind for Sacral Torsions: 1. L5 side bending is the side of the oblique sacral axis (L5 Sidebent left= left oblique axis of sacrum) 2. L5 and sacrum rotate opposite (L5 rotated left= sacrum rotated right) 3. If lumbar is flexed, then sacrum is extended and vise-versa. 4. Neutral dysfunction = forward torsion 5. Non-neutral dysfunction = backwards torsion 6. The knee is the fulcrum- knees should not move-do not lift knees, only the ankles.

Question 32

general sacral torsion

Answer 32

1. Patient is prone with knees bent. a. Looks like you are setting up for the piriformis test. 2. Stand at the foot of the table supporting the knees exerting a lateral force on the legs. a. To make this more comfortable for you, you may want to have patient slide close to you while doing this. 3. Ask the patient to push the ankles medially against resistance. 4. Engage the new barrier and repeat 3 times. 5. Return to neutral and recheck.

Question 33

B. Forward Sacral Torsion

Answer 33

B. Forward Sacral Torsion (SUE type position) “rotate forward/lay on front” 1. Patient is in the Sim’s position oblique axis side down (sidebending of L5 side down). 2. Monitor the lumbosacral junction (LSJ). 3. Flex the knees until motion is felt at the LSJ and L5 is neutral relative to S1 4. Ask the patient to inhale and reach toward the floor. You can push the shoulder toward the table. 5. Lean against the knees, using them as a fulcrum and drop the legs off the table until motion is felt. (Can place a pillow under their knees.) 6. The patient is asked to raise the ankles against resistance 3-5 seconds. 7. Relax for 2 seconds. 8. Engage a new barrier, repeat, return to neutral, and recheck.

Question 34

C. Backward Sacral Torsion

Answer 34

1. Patient is in the lateral recumbent position with knees flexed oblique axis side down sidebending of L5 side down). 2. Stand at the side of the table facing the patient and monitor the LSJ. 3. Flex the knees until there’s motion at the LSJ and have the patient straighten their lower leg. 4. Pull the lower arm toward you until motion is felt at the LSJ. 5. Lower the upper leg (using the knees as a fulcrum) below the table until motion is felt at the LSJ. 6. Ask the patient to push the ankles toward the ceiling against resistance. 7. Engage the new barrier, repeat, return to neutral, and recheck. In both Forward Sacral Torsion and Backward Sacral Torsion treatment the oblique axis side is down (L5 sidebending down), you put downward resistance, and the patient pushes up.

Question 35

bilaterally flexed sacrum

Answer 35

1. Patient prone and doctor on side of patient (dominant eye side).
2. Place thenar and hypothenar eminences of the caudad hand on the ILAs of the pt’s sacrum and reinforce it with the cephalad hand.
3. Tell patient to inhale deeply and increase anterior pressure on ILAs. Maintain pressure during exhalation to resist flexion.
4. Repeat (may need 7-10 times) and Recheck.
   *A woman who just delivered a baby would have this.

Question 36

B. Bilaterally Extended Sacrum

Answer 36

a. Patient prone in sphinx position and doctor on side of patient (dominant eye side). i. Note – sphinx may be too painful for patient to tolerate, so you may have to use prone position b. Place hypothenar and thenar eminences or cephalad hand over sacral sulci bilaterally and reinforce with caudad hand. c. Tell patient to inhale and exhale deeply. Increase anterior pressure while patient exhales and maintain pressure during inhalation to resist extension. d. Repeat 7- 10 times and Recheck.

Question 37

D. Ischial Tuberosity Spread

Answer 37

D. Ischial Tuberosity Spread (AGAIN!!) 1. Patient is prone with knees bent. 2. Kneel on the table supporting the knees with doctor’s knees; thumbs on the medial aspect of the ischial tuberosities pushing laterally; elbows exerting a lateral force on legs causing internal rotation. 3. Patient is instructed to cough forcibly. 4. Spread the ischial tuberosities as well as the legs while the patient coughs. 5. Repeat and recheck. All sacral dysfunctions can be treated with an ischial tuberosity spread!!

Question 38

THORACIC TREATMENTMuscle Energy

Answer 38

Remember: o Have control of your patient (hug them if you have to), the patient should also be comfortable. o Localize your treatment to the APEX! (if you have an even number of vertebra, use interspace or pick one) o ISOLATE THE SEGMENT! You must be monitoring! Only rotate until you feel motion! o If you are evaluating while patient is prone make sure their head is straight (if they look to a side their back will “ball up” on that side o Try to keep the patient’s feet on the floor to takeout the lower extremity component.

Question 39

thoracic vertebrae landmarks

Answer 39

• T1-Find C7 (most prominent spinous process and go down) o Another way to check is by putting one finger on what you think is C7 and one on T1 and have patient bend head forward- the segment that moves is C7 • T2-Sternal notch • T3-Scapular spine • T4-Sternal angle • T7-Inferior angle of scapula • T9-Xiphisternal angle

Question 40

what to do first with thoracics?

Answer 40

Always begin with observation • Look for asymmetries and postural changes • Check shoulders, iliac crests…etc for symmetries. • Postural curve increase or decreases in cervical, thoracic, and lumbars (kyphosis and lordosis). • Check for scoliosis Check for TART changes • Red Reflex Test and Finger Drag. Drag digits 2 and 3 paraspinally, cephalad to caudad. Erythema lasting longer than a few seconds indicates acute SD. Then palpate.

Question 41

palpation of thoracics

Answer 41

Palpate
• Find areas with minor rotations/elevations. This is another way to help localize group curves
• Type I group curves
o Will be side bent and rotated to OPPOSITE sides (Ex. T5-T8 RRSL)
o Will be neutral
• Type II individual segments
o Usually found within a group curve at the top, bottom or apex of the curve
o Will be side bent and rotate to the SAME side (Ex. T6 F RRSR)
o Will be flexed or extended- don’t forget to check for this!
 Prop up on elbows like watching TV- testing for extension
 Curl up in a ball- testing for flexion

Question 42

type 1 muscle energy

Answer 42

• Example: T3-T7 N SLRR • Patient Seated on side of table • Two ways to position: o Physician sitting next to them and on the side opposite of rotation (I remember this by thinking that I have to reach across their body to pull the shoulder forward) (in this example, on the patients right side)  Have patient place hand on back of head on the side of rotation (Right side in this example)  Physician weaves hand from below to grab the pts arm o Physician sitting next to patient on the side of rotation (on the patients left side in this example)  Pt places hand on back of head on the opposite side of rotation (Left side in this example)  Physician uses axilla and comes from above to grab patients arm  Can be used the patient has a shoulder issue • Monitor apex of group curve (T5 in the example) • Put the patient in neutral (no extension or flexion) • Reverse diagnosis: Side bend patient to left, rotate to the right (both until motion is felt). • Ask patient to try to straighten against isometric resistance for 3 seconds, relax o New barrier, repeat X 2, passive stretch, neutral, RECHECK  Don’t forget to let them relax! They will take points off for this!  When moving to the next barrier you should not be moving very much, just go until you feel motion again  If you have a bigger patient or you are a smaller person you can just modify it by standing up to help with the motions especially side bending

Question 43

type II ME middle T5-T8 and lower T9-T12 thoracics

Answer 43

Type II ME- Middle (T5-T8) and Lower (T9-T12) Thoracics (Same as type I but with another dimension) • Example: T7 F SLRL • Same positioning as Type I, monitor SD • Reversing Diagnosis, extend or flex patient to barrier, side bend right, rotate right (all until motion is felt) • (When putting the patient into extension you can use your monitoring hand as a fulcrum to help isolate area) • Ask patient to try to straighten against isometric resistance for 3 seconds, relax o New barrier, repeat X 2, passive stretch, neutral, RECHECK!

Question 44

Type II ME- Upper (T1-T4) Thoracics:

Answer 44

Type II ME- Upper (T1-T4) Thoracics: (same as type II but now we use the head and neck for motion) • Example: T2 F SLRL • Stand and monitor SD with right hand, placing finger on transverse processes • Place left hand on patients head • Reverse Diagnosis (in example you would extend head until you feel movement, side bend and rotate head right until you feel movement) • Ask patient to try to straighten head against isometric resistance for 3 seconds, relax o New barrier, repeat X 2, passive stretch, neutral, RECHECK

Question 45

rules in sacral torsion

Answer 45

L5 sidebending will engage oblique axis on that same side L5 rotation and sacral rotation is opposite Seated flexion test is opposite the side of the oblique axis

Question 46

different sacral thinking

Answer 46

Sacral torsions differ if they occur during neutral or non-neutral mechanics Example: Left oblique axis engaged Neutral - No F or E, right pole moves forward relative to L5 = left on left Non-neutral - F or E, sacrum rotates right, right pole moves backward = Right on left

Question 47

sacral torsions

Answer 47

Sacral motion about an oblique axis Weight bearing during walking - neutral Weight bearing left = L oblique axis

Question 48

forward sacral torsion

Answer 48

Occurs when the spine is in neutral. Left on left Right on right

Question 49

neutral for sacrum

Answer 49

No flexion or extension Example: Left oblique axis is engaged Sacrum rotates left Right superior pole moves forward relative to L5 Left on left sacral torsion

Question 50

neutral sacrum exam

Answer 50

SI, inguinal, groin discomfort
Low back pain
Increased lordotic curve
Sacrum rotated opposite lumbar
L5 follows neutral mechanics

SIDEbending and rotation of L5 are opposite

Rotation of L5 is in a direction opposite to that of the sacrum

Question 51

backward sacral torsion

Answer 51

Occurs when the spine is in a non-neutral position. Right on left Left on right

Question 52

non-neutral

Answer 52

Example: bend over and twist
L5 sidebends and then rotates right (non-neutral mechanics) (Type II)
Right oblique axis is engaged
Sacral base moves posteriorly
Right superior pole moves forward relative to L5
Left on right

a patient is bending forward and then sidebends.
Usually the sacrum extends when the lumbar spine is flexed.
Sacral base moves posteriorly at the left base and sacrum rotates left

Question 53

non-neutral exam

Answer 53

Low back pain worse when bending backward Decreased lordotic curve L5 rotated and sidebent to the same side L5 rotates opposite the side of the sacrum rotation

Question 54

putting it together

Answer 54

Example: L5 FRrSr Sacrum rotates left Right oblique axis engaged Positive seated flexion test left Be able to know which axis is engaged. Stuck part of the sacrum is on the left. Therefore positive seated flexion test on the left.

Question 55

L5 NSlRr

Answer 55

L5 is part of a group curve Positive seated flexion test right Oblique axis involved left Sacral rotation left

Question 56

sacral torsion vs sacral rotation

Answer 56

Sacral torsions have L5 rotation opposite the sacral rotation Sacral rotations have L5 rotation the same as the sacral rotation

Question 57

bilateral sacral flexion

Answer 57

Common following birth Low back pain is main complaint Increased lumbar curve Deep sulci and posterior ILA bilaterally Negative spring test No change with backward bending test Motion about middle transverse axis

Question 58

bilateral sacral extension

Answer 58

Low back pain, worse with backward bending Decreased lumbar curve ILA’s equal; sulci shallow bilaterally Positive spring test ILA’s stay equal with backward bending test

Question 59

Sacroiliac Dysfunction: Causes

Answer 59

Psoas Short leg syndrome Postural imbalance L5 problems Disc problems Simple trauma Viscerosomatic reflexes short leg syndrome: Deep sulcus on the short leg side Long leg becomes axis of rotation and since it is neutral mechanics the opposite sulcus is deep

Question 60

walking

Answer 60

The thoracic area rotates to the left The lumbar area sidebends left (convex right) There is a torsional locking at the LS junction as the body of the sacrum is moving left Shifting the weight to the left foot to be able to lift the right The vertical center of gravity moves to the superior pole of the left SI This locks in the left oblique axis All this allows for there to be rotation to the left The sacral base moves down on the right to conform to the lumbar curve When the right foot moves forward the quadriceps on that side tense There is tension at the inferior pole of the right SI where the left oblique and inferior transverse axis meet This all locks as the weight swings forward allowing slight anterior movement of the innominate on the inferior transverse axis The movement is increased by the backward thrust of the restraining ground Tension on the hamstrings begins As weight swings upward to the crest of the femoral support, there is a slight posterior movement of the right innominate on the inferior transverse axis As the heel strikes the ground, trunk torsion and accommodation begin to reverse themselves The left foot passes the right Weight passes over the crest of the femoral support The axis then changes to the right oblique The sacral base moves forward on the left The sacrum moves torsionally to the right

Question 61

1) spirit
2) theology
3) religion

Answer 61

1. the essence of you

what makes you you

the non-physical

2. the study of God

the study of religious matters

3. belief in a divine or superhuman power

expression of a belief in conduct and ritual

Question 62

the principles of osteopathic medicine

Answer 62

The body is a unit. Structure and function are reciprocally related. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms. The body has the inherent capacity to defend itself and to repair itself. When normal adaptability is disrupted, or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self-maintenance, disease may ensue. Rational treatment is based on the previous principles. Movement of body fluids is essential to the maintenance of health. The nerves play a crucial part in controlling the fluids of the body. There are somatic components to disease that are not only manifestations of disease but also are factors that contribute to maintenance of the diseased state.

Question 63

breath

Answer 63

Breathing is the only human act that people can do completely conciously or unconciously.

unconcious breathing (most of time)

innefective (1/3 of people don’t breathe well enough to sustain normal health)

decreased O2, CO2 exchange, and ANS (parasymp activation and hence, healing); immune system fluid exchange

Question 64

compromised breathing can have deleterious effects on:

Answer 64

Lungs (asthma, COPD) Cardiovascular disorders Digestive problems Immune deficiencies Mood disorders breathing is spiritual.

Question 65

what is breathing used for?

Answer 65

Gas exchange Non-biological concepts: Prana (Sanskrit) – universal life force; breath thought to be brought into the body through the breath Yogic breathing – enriches prana Pneuma (Greek) – breath, soul, spirit Anima spiritus (Latin) – breath, soul, spirit Ki (Japanese) – universal energy; air. Ruach (Hebrew) – wind, breath, mind, spirit relaxation technique: 4-7-8

Question 66

hypnosis

Answer 66

highly responsive to suggestion

able to follow instruction

heightened awareness

Question 67

myths of hypnosis

Answer 67

YOU CAN GET STUCK SURRENDER OF YOUR WILL SECRETS WILL BE REVEALED MUST BELIEVE IN HYPNOSIS

Question 68

hypnosis suggestability

Answer 68

PRIMARY
SECONDARY

PERMISSIVE TESTS

AUTHORITATIVE TESTS

hypnosis is an altered state of conciousness or trance
every normal person is hypnotizable

Question 69

hypnosis history

Answer 69

Egypt circa 300-1000 BC sleep temples Mesmer 1734-1815 Animal magnetism Braid 1795-1860 named hypnosis Greek for sleep Pavlov 1849-1936 conditioning Skinner 1904-1990 behaviorism Harte, Richard- taught my class

Question 70

what can hypnosis do for me?

what is it for?

Answer 70

RELIEF OF STRESS

SMOKING CESSATION

WEIGHT LOSS

REDUINCREASE SELF ESTEEM

CONTROL HEALTH PROBLEMS

ENJOY A SENSE OF WELL BEING AND REST
CE FEARS

Everyday ordinary problems

Of
Everyday ordinary People

CONNECTS WITH SUBCONSCIOUS MIND

GIVES POSITIVE OUT LOOK

RELEASES NEGATIVES

HELP WITH HEALTH ISSUES

RELAXING/PEACEFUL

FUN

USE FOR INPROVED STUDY HABITS
BETTER RETENTION AND
BETTER RECALL OF INFORMATION;
BECAUSE YOU ARE CALM, RELAXED AND IN CONTROL

Question 71

478 breathing

fire breathing

Answer 71

stimulate paraysmpathetic (autonomic) to reduce stress.

Do 3 times per day.

place the tip of your tongue against the ridge of tissue just behind your upper front teeth. Exhale through your mouth around your tongue. make whoosh sound.

close your mouth and inhale through your nose for a count of 4 seconds. Hold your breath for 7 seconds. exhale through mouth for 8 seconds. Repeat 4 times.

stimulate sympathetic to increase blood pressure or increased circulation. Can be repeated for a total of one minute, three times/day

begin with 15 second increments and work up.

with hand on your diaphragm or the top of your belly.

Sit upright with your back straight, eyes closed, and shoulders relaxed. Place tip of tongue behind teeth.

breathe rapidly through your nose, in and out, with your mouth slightly closed. Keep you inhale and exhale short and equal. Your chest should be almost mechanical in its movements –rapid, like air is pumping through it. Try to inhale and exhale 3 times per second, if you can, keeping your breath audible.

Question 72

rationale for chill

Answer 72

It is based on evolving theories of emotion (developed from research data), as well as from studying techniques themselves

Question 73

james -lange theory

cannon-bard theory

Answer 73

j - l : stimulus perceived then emotion expression (somatic, visceral response)

c-b: stimulus perceived then emotional fear

both do the other’s second step for third step

Question 74

schachter - singer model

Answer 74

stimulut >>> perception/interpretatio>>stimulus>>autonomic arousal

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