1 Flashcards
Converts text, sounds, and images into electrical signals
Data representation
Manipulates simple “on” and “off” signals to perform complex
tasks
Digital electronics
Works with discrete - distinct or separate - data or digits, such as 1
and 0
Digital device
Works with continuous data
Analog device
Used in arithmetic operations
Numeric data
Consists of letters, symbols, and numerals not used in
arithmetic calculations
Character data
Represented by a series of bits in a digital computer
Character data
•Binary digit
•Abbreviated as a lowercase “b”
Bit
Digital electronics
• Composed of eight (8) bits
•Abbreviated as an uppercase “B
Byte
Digital electronics
• Composed of four (4) bits
•A halfway between a little bit and a big byte
Nibble
Digital electronics
Hardwired into the processor’s circuitry comprising of basic
arithmetic and logical operations, fetching data, and clearing
registers
Instruction set
The electronic that holds place for instructions and data which the
microprocessors can reach quickly
Memory
technique of collecting, manipulating, and distributing data to
achieve certain functions
Data processing
Convert raw data into information for decision making
Data processing
collection of objects,
procedures, or
techniques that
interact in regulated
manner to form an
organized whole
Computer systems
integrates and coordinates overall operations
•composed of three (3) units:
Central processing unit
Output subsystem, input subsystem, memory subsystem
Provides the mechanism for communications between the CPU
and the outside world
Input/ output subsystem
reads data and converts them into electronic pulses
Input subsystem
reports the results of the processing by the CPU
Output subsystem
known as the “secondary storage”
Memory subsystem
allows for extra data storage, exceeding the CPU’s primary
storage
Memory subsystem
an efficient and compact means of sorting large amount of data,
ready for retrieval or further processing
Memory subsystem
retrieval time is slower than the primary storage
Memory subsystem
Conveniently translates into electrical “on” and “off” signals
Binary number system
Allows computers to represent virtually any number simply by
using 0s and 1s
Binary number system
Houses all essential chips
Motherboard
Provides connecting circuitry between chips
Motherboard
An integrated circuit designed to process instructions
Microprocessor
The most significant component of computer
Microprocessor
Usually the most expensive single component
Microprocessor
Executes instructions provided by a computer program
Microprocessor
Allows instructions and data to be stored, changed and retrieved by the user
Random access memory
Allows only readout capability
Read only memory
Small desktop systems with limited I/O devices
Microcomputers
general-purpose computing device
Minicomputer
very large and expensive computer capable of supporting
thousands of users simultaneously
Mainframe
Medium sized computers. Relatively inexpensive and designed for individual users
Desktop pc
Fastest type of computers
Supercomputers
Employed for specialized applications
•Weather forecasting
•Animated graphics
•Fluid dynamic calculations
•Nuclear energy research
Supercomputers
I/O components (peripherals)
Keyboard, mouse, monitor, hard disk, printer, cd/dvd-rom drive, modern, sound card, scanner
Mass storage components
Floppy disks, compact disc, digital versatile disc, zip disk
