1 Flashcards
Ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil
POROSITY
Ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil solids
VOID RATIO
Which is true for POROSITY?
I. 0 < n < 100
II. 0 <= n <= 100
III. 0 <= n
IV. 0 < n
I
Which is true for VOID RATIO?
I. 0 < e < 100
II. 0 <= e <= 100
III. 0 <= e
IV. 0 < e
IV
Which is true for DEGREE OF SATURATION?
I. 0 < S < 100
II. 0 <= S <= 100
III. 0 <= S
IV. 0 < S
II
Which is true for WATER CONTENT?
I. 0 < w < 100
II. 0 <= w <= 100
III. 0 <= w
IV. 0 < w
III
When the seepage pressure becomes equal to the pressure due to submerged weight of a soil, the effective pressure is reduced to zero and the soil particles have a tendency to move up in the direction of flow. This phenmenon is generally known
QUICK CONDITION/ BOILING CONDITION/ QUICK SAND
What is soil in civil engineering?
I. The material in a relatively thin surface zone within roots occur
II. The unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth’s crust
III. The substance existing on the earth’s surface, which grows and develops plants
IV. None of the above
II.
(Note: I. Soil in Geology; III. Soil in Agriculture)
The elastic tendency of liquids which makes them acquire the least surface area possible. It is responsible, for example, when an object or insect such as mosquitoes that is denser that water is able to float or run along the water surface.
SURFACE TENSION
The ratio between the volume of water and the volume of voids
DEGREE OF SATURATION
The ratio between the weight of water and the weight of solid particles
MOISTURE CONTENT
Minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions, etc. are commonly modeled as proportional to
VELOCITY HEAD
The best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is
b
When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called:
TURBULENT
Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time
STEADY FLOW
Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section
UNIFORM FLOW
Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant
LAMINAR FLOW
Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section at the stream is the same
CONTINUOUS FLOW
Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy is minimum
CRITICAL FLOW
Type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW
Type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamlines
ROTATIONAL FLOW
On what fundamental concept is the continuity of flow primarily based?
CONSERVATION OF MASS
A branch of fluid mechanics that deals with the study of forces exerted by liquid in motion
HYDRODYNAMICS
The total pressure of force on a plane surface is equal to the area multiplied by the intensity of pressure at the centroid if the surface is:
A. horizontal
B. inclined
C. vertical
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) is referred to in hydraulics as:
WATER HAMMER
Which of the following is not affected by minor loss?
A. Long pipe
B. Both long and short pipe
C. Short pipe
D. can’t say
A. Long pipe
Which of the following shear tests of soil is not performed in a laboratory?
A. vane shear test
B. triaxial shear test
C. unconfined compression test
D. direct shear test
A. vane shear test
In the context of using soil as a construction material, which of the following properties is NOT typically considered a primary parameter for evaluating its suitability?
A. Tensile Strength
B. Shear Strength
C. Compaction Strength
D. Compressive Strength
A. Tensile Strength
Which soil property is most used in engineering?
VOID RATIO
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cohesionless soil?
A. practically impermeable
B. easy to compact
C. prone to settlement
D. high shear strength
A. practically impermeable
In a triangular channel section, the most economical section is achieved when each of its sloping sides make a angle of _______ with vertical
45 deg
Where is the metacenter for stable equilibrium?
ABOVE THE CENTER OF GRAVITY
When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, then the body will be in?
UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM
The metacentric height is the distance between the
CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE FLOATING BODY AND THE CENTER OF BUOYANCY
The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called:
SPECIFIC WEIGHT OR UNIT WEIGHT
A fluid property that measures the fluid’s resistance to shear stress
VISCOSITY
The vena contracta of a circular orifice is approximately _____ diameter downstream from the inner face of the orifice plate
1/2
When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in:
NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM
A type of shock where the flow undergoes a sudden transition from swift flow to tranquil flow
HYDRAULIC JUMP
If the ground water table in a soil formation rises as resulting of flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil:
A. increases
B. unaffected
C. decreases
D. depends on the footing load
C. decreases
One of the following foundation conditions does not affect the bearing capacity of the supporting soil.
A. Unit weight of the soil
B. Depth of the founding of footing
C. Load imposed onto the soil
D. Position of ground water table
C. Load imposed onto the soil
A process by which water-saturated soil sediment temporarily loss strength and acts as a fluid
LIQUEFACTION
Volume change in saturated soils caused by the expulsion of pore water from loading?
A. Initial Consolidation
B. Primary Consolidation
C. Secondary Consolidation
D. None of the above
B. Primary Consolidation
Negative skin friction on piles…
A. is caused due to relative settlement of the soil
B. is caused in soft clays
C. decreases the pile capacity
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A decrease in water content results in a reduction of the volume of soil in:
A. Liquid state
B. Plastic state
C. Semi-solid state
D. All of these
D. All of these
The water content in a soil sample when it continues to loose weight without loosing the volume, is called
SHRINKAGE LIMIT
The admixture of coarser particles like sand or silt to clay causes
A. Decrease in liquid limit and increase in plasticity index
B. Decrease in liquid limit and no change in plasticity index
C. Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index
D. Increase in both liquid limit and plasticity index
C. Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index
A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strenth, in kPa, is between:
24 to 48
According to Section 302.2.2 of NSCP, the slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than is safe for the intended use and shall be no steeper than ________
1V:2H
This occurs when cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid.
LIQUEFACTION
Rise of water table above the ground surface causes:
A. Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress
B. Equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress
C. Increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress
D. Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress
A. Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress
The shear strength of a soil:
A. is directly proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil
B. is inversely proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil
C. decreases with increase in normal stress
D. decreases with decrease in normal stress
D. decreases with decrease in normal stress
Effective stress on soil:
A. increases void ratio and decreases permeability
B. increases both voids ratio and permeability
C. decreases both voids ratio and permeability
D. decreases void ratio and increases permeability
C. decreases both voids ratio and permeability
The coefficient of compressibility of soil, is the ratio of:
STRAIN TO STRESS
A cohesive soil deposit is considered stiff if the confined compression strength, in kPa, is between
100 TO 200
A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the confined compression strength, in kPa, is between
25 TO 50
A cohesive soil deposit is considered very soft if the confined compression strength, in kPa, is between
0 TO 25
The locus of elevations to which liquid successive piezometer tubes to any selected datum is known as:
HYDRAULIC GRADIENT
They are used to measure pressure heads in pipes where the liquid is in motion.
PIEZOMETER
A bent (L-shaped or U-shaped) with both ends open and is used to measure the velocity of fluid flow or velocity of air flow as used in airplane speedometer.
PITOT TUBE
An instrument mainly used in measuring the discharge through pipes
VENTURI METER
What is the largest grain that passes a no. 200 sieve in millimeter?
0.074
If the ground water table in the soil formation rises as a resulting of flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil
DECREASES
One of the following foundation conditions does not affect the bearing capacity of the supporting soil
A. Unit weight of the soil
B. depth of founding of footings
C. Load imposed onto the soil
D. Position of ground water table
C. Load imposed onto the soil
The fraction of soils passing which sieve number is used for Atterberg Limits tests of soils:
40
Coefficient of consolidation of a soil is affected by
BOTH COMPRESSIBILITY AND PERMEABILITY
The total and effective stresses at a depth of 0.5 m below the top level of water in a swimming pool is respectively:
A. Zero and zero
B. 500 kg/m² and zero
C. 500 kg/m² and 500 kg/m²
D. 1000 kg/m² and 500 kg/m²
B. 500 kg/m² and zero
If the sand in-situ is in its densest state, then the relative density of sand is
BETWEEN 0 TO 1
Accurate determination of water content, is made by
OVEN-DRYING METHOD
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
A. Specific energy is the total energy above the floor of an open channel
B. For a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths
C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy
D. Critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1
C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy
All other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water pressure can be reduced by hammer
A. using pipe of greater diameter
B. using pipe of greater wall thickness
C. using a more elastic pipe
D. increasing the velocity of the pressure wave
A. using pipe of greater diameter
If a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will
A. rise and fall alternately on the front side of the tank
B. fall on the rear side of the tank
C. remain the same on both side of the tank the front side of the tank
D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank
D. rise on the rear side and fall on the dront side of the tank
As the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure
A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area
B. moves apart from the center of gravity of the area
C. ultimately coincides with the center of gravity of the area
D. remains unaffected
A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area
In open channel water flows under
A. force of gravity
B. atmospheric pressure
C. hydrostatic pressure
D. mechanical pressure
A. force of gravity
The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the liquid. This principle in fluid mechanics is attributed to:
PASCAL
In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:
BERNOULLI
The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This principle is attributed to:
BOYLE
Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This principle is attributed to:
ARCHIMEDES
A theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of opening.
TORRICELLI
An overflow structure built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring the flow
WEIR
Is the name given to the behavior of the liquid in a thin-bored tube
CAPILLARITY
The section on the jet where the contraction ceases is called the:
VENA CONTRACTA
The difference between energy gradent and hydraulic gradient is called:
VELOCITY HEAD
Which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes?
VISCOSITY
An open vessel for water is accelerated up to an inclined plane. The free water surface will…
A. be horizontal
B. make an angle in direction of inclination of the inclined plane
C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane
D. any one of above is possible
C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane
The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolleti weir?
1H:4V
The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to:
A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface
B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
C. product of pressure at its centroid and the area
D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area
B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
For the most economical trapezoidal open channel,
A. half of the top width must be equal to one of the sloping sides
B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow
C. the semicircle drawn with top width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel
D. All of these
D. All of these
Gauge pressure is
A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure
B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure
C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure
D. none of these
A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure
In flow, the liquid particles may possess
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. pressure energy
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
For most economical rectangular section of a channel, the depth is kept:
A. one-fourth of the width
B. three times the hydraulic radius
C. half the width
D. none of these
C. half the width
Minimum specific energy of an open rectangular channel with critical depth, dc.
3/2 dc
Which of the following statements are correct:
I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL
II. EGL slopes downward in the direction of flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump
III. EGL is always above HGL
IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal
II, III, IV only
An index used to identify the swelling potential of clay soils is called:
ACTIVITY
The property of a soil which permits water to percolate through it
PERMEABILITY
Which of the following methods is best suited for determination of permeability of coarse-grained soils?
A. Constant head method
B. Falling head method
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
A. Constant head method
Terzaghi’s bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, and Ny are functions of
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION ONLY
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest is:
A. Less than the active earth pressure but greater than passive earth pressure
B. Greater than the active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure
C. Greater than both the active earth pressure and passive earth pressure
D. Less than both the active earth pressure and passive earth pressure
B. Greater than the active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure
The average coefficient of permeability of natural deposits
A. Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification
B. Parallel to stratification is always less than that perpendicular to stratification
C. Is always same in both direction
D. Parallel to stratification may or may not be greater than that perpendicular to stratification
A. Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification
The quantity of seepage of water through soils is proportional to
A. Coefficient of permeability of soil
B. Total head loss through the soil
C. Neither A nor B
D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
The critical exit gradient of seepage water in soils, increase with
A. an increase in specific gravity
B. a decrease in specific gravity
C. a decrease in void ratio
D. both A and C
D. both A and C
Who is the father of modern soil mechanics?
K. Terzaghi
The maximum shear stress occurs on the filament which makes an angle with the horizontal plane equal to:
45 deg
In the triaxial test, the deviator stress increases the shear stress on what plane?
A. Horizontal plane only
B. Vertical plane only
C. Both horizontal and vertical planes
D. All planes except the horizontal and vertical planes
D. All planes except the horizontal and vertical planes
Th shear strength of a soil:
A. increases with an increase in normal stress
B. is proportional to the cohesion of the soil
C. is generally known as the strength of the soil
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
A. Failure plane carries maximum shear stress
B. Failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress
C. Failure plane carries shear stress equal to maximum shear stress
D. None of these
B. Failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress
