1 Flashcards
1
Q
also referred to as conception
and impregnation
A
Fertilization
2
Q
the union of ovum and spermatozoon within 24 hours after ovulation
A
Fertilization
3
Q
occurs in the outer third of the fallopian tube (ampullar portion)
A
Fertilization
4
Q
Implantation aka?
A
Nidation
5
Q
Implantation is the contact between the __________ and the ____________.
A
growing structure and uterine endometrium
6
Q
Implantation occurs at the _________ of the uterus within a week or between 8-10 days after fertilization
A
upper 2/3
7
Q
From ovulation to fertilization
A
Ovum
8
Q
From fertilization to implantation
A
Zygote
9
Q
From implantation to 5-8 weeks
A
Embryo
10
Q
From 5-8 weeks until term
A
Fetus
11
Q
Developing embryo or fetus and placental structures throughout pregnancy
A
Conceptus
12
Q
The earliest age at which fetuses could survive if they were born at that time
A
Age of viability
13
Q
The earliest age at which fetuses could survive if they were born at that time
A
Age of viability
14
Q
Age of viabilityis generally accepted as ___ weeks S or weighing more than _______.
A
24 weeks and 400 g
15
Q
capable of fertilization for only 24 hrs (48 hours at the most)
A
Ovum
16
Q
Ovum is surrounded by a ring of
mucopolysaccharide fluid
called ______________.
A
zona pellucida
17
Q
Ovum is surrounded by a circle of cells
called ___________.
A
corona radiata
18
Q
Average semen per ejaculation
A
2.5 ml
19
Q
latin word morus-mulberry
A
Morulla
20
Q
the structure that attaches to the uterine endometrium
A
Blastocyst
21
Q
cells in the outer ring
A
Trophoblast
22
Q
inner cell mass
A
Embyoblast
23
Q
-refers to the endometrial lining during pregnancy
A
Decidua
24
Q
lies directly under the embryo
A
Decidua Basalis
25
encapsulates the surface the surface of the trophoblast
Decidua Capsularis
26
remaining portion of the uterine lining
Decidua Vera
27
The layer that produces various placental hormones (hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone)
Syncytiotrophoblast (syncytial layer)
28
The layer that protects the growing embryo from certain infectious organism such as spirochete of syphilis
cytotrophoblast (Langhan’s layer)
29
PLACENTA - Latin word “________”
pancake
30
covered with amnion
FETAL SIDE
31
divided into irregular lobes average weight at TERM: 500grams
MATERNAL SIDE
32
lines the chorionic membrane, forms beneath the chorion
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE (Amnion)
33
clear fluid that collects within the amniotic cavity in which the fetus floats
AMNIOTIC FLUID
34
-Formed from the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion)
UMBILICAL CORD
35
gelatinous polysaccharide that provides bulk of the cord; prevents pressure on the vein and arteries
Wharton’s Jelly-
36
total number of pregnancy, this includes the number of times the woman is or has been pregnant regardless of the outcome.
Gravida
37
total number of viable pregnancy, this indicates number of pregnancies reaching viable gestational age (including live births and stillbirth. The number of fetus does not determine the parity.
Parity or Para
38
the ability of the fetus to live outside the uterus at the earliest possible gestational age 20 – 24 weeks or 5 – 6 months
Viability
39
a woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primigravida
40
a woman who has given birth to one child past age of viability
Primipara
41
a woman who has two or more pregnancies
Multigravida
42
a woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant
Nulligravida
43
-The idea is based on the concept that any hollow body organ when stretched to its capacity will inevitably contract to expel its contents.
Uterine Stretch Theory
44
Pressure on the cervix stimulates the hypophysis to release oxytocin from the maternal posterior pituitary gland.
Oxytocin Theory
45
Progesterone is the hormone designed to promote pregnancy.
Progesterone Deprivation Theory
46
In the latter part of pregnancy, fetal membranes and uterine decidua increase prostaglandin levels.
Prostaglandin Theory
47
Advance placental age decreases blood supply to the uterus. This event triggers uterine contractions thereby, starting the labor
Theory of Aging Placenta
48
The physiological process by which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled through the birth canal.
Labor
49
in first stage of labor, what phase is this?
-The latent or preparatory phase begins at the onset of regularly perceived uterine contractions and ends when rapid cervical dilatation begins.
Latent phase
50
in first stage of labor, what phase is this?
-During the active phase of labor, cervical dilatation occurs more rapidly, increasing from 4 to 7 cm.
Active phase
51
in first stage of labor, what phase is this?
- Contractions reach their peak of intensity, occurring every 2 to 3 minutes with a duration of 60 to 90 seconds
Transition Phase
52
COMPONENTS OF LABOR (4 P’S)
- The woman’s pelvis (_______) is of adequate size and contour
- The ___________ (fetus) is of appropriate size and in an advantageous position and presentation
- The _______ of labor (uterine factors) are adequate
- The woman’s ________
1. PASSAGE
2. PASSENGER
3. POWERS
4. PSYCHE
53
- Shortening and thinning of the cervical canal as distinct from the uterus.
EFFACEMENT
54
enlargement of the external cervical os up to 10 cm primarily as a result of uterine contractions and secondarily as a
DILATION
55
UTERINE CHANGES
The uterus is gradually differentiated into two distinct portions
____________________________ – becomes thick and active to expel out fetus
____________________________ – becomes thin walled, supple and passive so that fetus can be pushed out easily
1. UPPER UTERINE SEGMENT
2.LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT
56
diameter which is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet
DIAGONAL CONJUGATE (AP)
57
which is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic outlet
TRANSVERSE DIAMETER
58
upper most portion of the skull, comprises of 8 bones
CRANIUM –
59
- joins the two parietal bones of the skull
-Sagittal suture
60
joins the frontal bones and the two parietal bones
Coronal suture
61
joins the occipital bone and the two parietal bones
Lambdoid suture
62
Frontal bone is referred to as the __________
sinciput
63
are significant membranecovered spaces which are found at the junction of the main suture line
Fontanelles
64
-Lies at the junction of coronal and sagittal sutures.
Anterior Fontanelle (Bregma)
65
-Lies at the junction of Lambdoidal and sagittal sutures
Posterior Fontanelle
66
– the degree of flexion the fetus assumes during labor or the relation of the fetal parts to each other.
ATTITUDE
67
refers to the settling of the presenting part of the fetus far enough into the pelvis to be at the level of the ischial spines, a midpoint of the pelvis.
Engagement
68
Refers to the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to the level of the ischial spines
Station-
69
Lie is the relationship between the long axis of the fetal body and the long axis of the woman's body
Fetal Lie
70
– the head is the body part that first contacts the cervix
CEPHALIC PRESENTATION
71
Pressure from the pelvic floor causes the fetal head to bend forward onto the chest
Flexion
72
The occiput rotates until it is superior, or just below the symphysis pubis, bringing the head into the best diameter for the outlet of the pelvis.
INTERNAL ROTATION
73
As the occiput is born, the back of the neck stops beneath the pubic arch and acts as a pivot for the rest of the head.
EXTENSION -
74
from middle portion of the lower vaginal border directed toward the anus
MEDIAN –
75
Begun in the midline but directed laterally away from the anus
MEDIOLATERAL
76
This stage begins immediately after fetal delivery and involves separation and expulsion of the placenta and membranes.
THIRD STAGE OF LABOR
77
First 1 – 2 hours after delivery which is said to be the most critical stage for the mother because of unstable VS.
FOURTH STAGE of LABOR
78
- first 3 days postpartum, red and moderate in amoun
Rubra
79
- next 3 – 10 days; pink or brownish and decreased in amount
Serosa
80
- from 10 – 14th day or up to 6 weeks postpartum; colorless and minimal in amount
Alba
