1 Flashcards
RECEO VS
Rescue Exposure Confinement Extinguishment overhaul ventilation salvage
What is a Flashover?
The point when all surfaces and objects within a space reach their ignition temperature and simultaneously ignite
What is a Backdraft?
An explosive event caused by the introduction of oxygen into an oxygen deficient high heat smoldering fire. Typically occurs during the decay stage after the fire has consumed all available oxygen within a compartment.
What are some warning signs of a backdraft?
Dense smoke with no visible flames in a tightly closed compartment, black smoke pushing around closed doors or window frames, glass stained with smoke condensation and pulsating from the fires pressure, reversal of air movement pulling smoke back into a building through a doorway
What is the difference between modern and legacy construction?
Modern is man made materials, plastics synthetics, polyurethane, and polyester. Legacy is referred to as “traditional materials” consist of natural materials such as cotton l, wicker, solid wood, and, dimensional lumber
What type has a higher HHR or Heat release rate modern or legacy construction?
Modern materials have a higher HRR, when a fire involves these materials temperatures rise quickly and flashover can occur sooner than fires fueled by legacy materials.
What are the four inherent characteristics of smoke?
Volume, velocity, density, and color
What does the volume of smoke leaving a structure indicate?
The amount of fuel that is “off gassing” within a given space. A fire fed by sufficient air will emit very little visible smoke and a fire in a underventilated building building can produce a large volume of smoke.
In what way does smoke volume relate to smoke velocity?
When smoke has filled an inadequately ventilated container, pressure begins to build. In this way smoke volume relates to smoke velocity
What does smoke velocity leaving a structure give ffs insight to?
To the fires location relative to the smoke exhaust point and the status of the fires flow path. As smoke expands and travels up the interior walls across the ceiling and through open doors the buildings materials and contents absorb heat decreasing the smokes velocity
What does static smoke indicate?
A non growing fire with inadequate oxygen. Moving smoke indicates a growing fire with sufficient oxygen
What is optical density?
How difficult it is to see through the smoke. The greater the smoke density the higher the likelihood for a hostile fire event such as flashover or rapid fire spread.
What does the color of smoke indicate
The material makeup of burning fuel. Typically the darker the smoke the more volatile the fire.
What color smoke does a fire in the incipient stage typically produce?
White smoke as the fuel off gases moisture and water vapor
What does gray smoke indicate?
Slowing fire growth as the availability of fuel decreases.
What color does an under ventilated fire usually normally produce?
Brown or black smoke
What can brown smoke indicate?
Under ventilated fire or a fully developed fire is feeding off a wood source. This can mean in wood framed buildings a fire is weakening the buildings structural integrity, creating a risk of collapse
What does black smoke normally indicate?
Heavy fuel loads that are not being fully consumed. Can result from the burning of manmade materials such as petroleum products rubber and many plastics
What is VSP or victim survivability profiling?
Likelihood of a victims rescue potential. Also less commonly referred to as occupant survivability profiling
What three ways can an evacuation order be signaled? Or combined by all three ways at once
The order may be given verbally, signaled over the radio with evacuation tones, blasted over on scene apparatus airhorns, or a combination of all three.
15 seconds for air horns sounding and evacuation tones if they do those
What is the required flow rate for most residential fires?
100-200 gpm making the 1 3/4 an appropriate selection for these fires
How much personnel does it take to advance a 2 1/2?
Often requires two companies and up to 6 firefighters
Stretching short results in?
Delayed extinguishment, fire growth and possible extension, delayed search operations, and reduced survivability of trapped occupants
What is the formula for estimating the stretch?
Setback+ width of the building+ length of the building+ 1/2 length (25ft) per floor+ 1 length at the point of attack
