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Question 1

1.Malnourished meaning?
2.How many calories does everyone need and do we meet this demand?

Answer 1

1.Someone who doesn’t eat enough food
2. Worldhealth organisation suggests people need 2000-2400 calories per day overall one billion in world fall below this level

Question 2

How many ppl suffer from undernutrition?

Answer 2

2 billion

Question 3

Why is nutrition important?

Answer 3

Gives us e. Required for all basic life processes e.g growing, movement

Question 4

What are the global inequalities in the supply and demand of water?

Answer 4

Water consumption high in wealthier countries also indirectly
LIC have water scarcity e.g due to lack of wealth and dry climate, climate change making it worse.
HIC usually have wet climates or wealth to store them eg through reservoirs

Question 5

Why is demand for essential resources growing?- give 6 reasons

Answer 5

1.Pop growth
2.Modern forming techniques require lots of e.
3.increased wealth in large NEEs means more resource consumption
4.advances in tech / more of it
5.more meat consumption
6.globalisation means transport goods longer distances

Question 6

9 challenges with energy provision

Answer 6

1.Over consumption, especially meat which is energy intensive
2. Food waste, what to do w it
3. More people
4.uk not self suffienct- 40% of food imported
5. Seasonal produce, demand for out of season
6. Climate change effecting growth
7. Consumers want cheap food- lower welfare standards
8.making sure fair trade
9.farming more intensively- less nutrients

Question 7

Fossil fuels use over years in Uk

Answer 7

Has reduced especially coal and oil,
Coal has halved, increased in 2014 bfr reducing
Gas continues to be used

Question 8

How renewables have changed in how much they are used in the UK

Answer 8

Increased overall
Little increase from 1990-2007 but by 2020 over 40% energy mix

Question 9

How much has nuclear been used over the years in the UK

Answer 9

Overall has fallen from abt 20%, 1990, to 15% 2020

Question 10

Fossil fuel economic challenges and opportunities

Answer 10

1.Running out, drilling in new deposits in less accessible areas= expensive
Money spent clearing up waste + treating miners who suffer from health problems
2. Searching for places to drill= well paid jobs e.g geologist

Question 11

Nuclear environmental and economical challenges

Answer 11

Economical:Power plants= expensive to build e.g New Hinkley Point expected to be over 18 billion
When no longer in use expensive to decommission
Environment: can be catastrophic e.g Chernobyle

Question 12

Nuclear economical and environmental opportunities

Answer 12

Creates jobs in constructing and maintaining the plant, also once set upper cost for electricity production.
Environmental: e. Production is considered cleaner than burning hydrocarbons

Question 13

Economical opportunities in renewable energy

Answer 13

Lots of jobs created in research and manufacturing of energy producing infrastructure

Question 14

5 problems with fracking

Answer 14

1. Uses huge quantities of water
2. Shown to poison water reserves
3. Methane 25× more potent than Co2
4. Earthquakes
5. Expensive requires lots of e.

Question 15

1.What is water deficit?
2.Where is there water deficit in the UK?

Answer 15

1. Areas where the demand for water is greater than amount of water
2. London, Birmingham, East England- where most ppl live

Question 16

Where are water surplus?

Answer 16

Scotland ,Wales etc
Cos rainfall is heavy and not many people

Question 17

Problems with water quality in the UK
(Causes of pollution)

Answer 17

Only 27% of water is classified as being ‘good status’
Can fall if pesticides or fertilisers are washed into rivers, factories, households ( through sinks), boats, sewage

Question 18

How I’d water quality managed in the UK through:
1.Legislation, infrastructure, education, pollution traps, water treatment,

Answer 18

1. Factoris and farms ate Limited to the amount and type of discharge they put in rivers
   2.better sewers to prevent spills but means higher bills
   3.advise on how to properly dispose certain materials
   4.pollition traps e.g Reed beds often installed to catch and filter out pollution
   5.treatment plants remove suspended solids to produce clean water

Question 19

What are aerophonics and hydrophonics

Answer 19

Areophonics- plants sprayed with nutrient soils, without soils
Hydroponics- growing plants in water using nutrient solutions

Question 20

The new green revolution

Answer 20

Changing farming practices in many parts of LICS to increase food population
In 2006 Indian government used water harvesting , irrigation, soil conservation

Question 21

Biotechnology and appropriate technology to increase food supply?

Answer 21

Genetically modified products e.g for high yield
Appropriate tech- cheap skills to increase yield on LICs

Question 22

Case study: what is IBIS?

Answer 22

Water source for India and Pakistan
Largest continuous irrigation scheme in the world
It consists of 3 dams over 100 smaller dams, 12 link canals
(Built artificial channels off of Indus river)

Question 23

Advantages of IBIS 7

Answer 23

1. Improves food security
2. 14 million ha of land is now irrigated
3. Irrigation has increased crop yield
   4.improved diets
   5.fish farming
4. Agriculture based industries developed
5. HEP by main dams

Question 24

5.Disadvantages of IBIS

Answer 24

1.some farmers take unfair share of water
2. High summer temps
3. Poor irrigation technique means waste of water
4. Pop increase
5. High cost to maintain capacity

Question 25

Strategies to ensure food production is sustainable
(Permaculture, urban farming and sustainable fishing)

Answer 25

Permaculture- follows patterns and features of a natural ecosystem, includes: organic gardening, use of crop rotation, keeping animals in area
Urban farming- increases choice of fresh food available- healthier, new jobs, rightens up urban env, social benefits as community work together
Sustainable fishing- almost 90% of world’s fisheries are fully/ over exploited
Sets catching limits, monitoring fish breeding and practices

Question 26

Strategies to ensure food production is sustainable
(Sustainable meat production, seasonal food consumption, reducing food loss and waste)

Answer 26

1.small scale livestock farms, using free-range or organic methods, prices more as stock low but better quality
2. Local food sourcing= more sustainable reduces food miles + carbon footprint
3. 32% of all food produce wasted
By halving waste the gap btwn food supply and demand could be reduced 22% by 2050

Question 27

Case study: increasing sustainable food supplies in Makueni
6 crops grown there

Answer 27

Maize, beans, sorghum, cassava, millet, sweet potato

Question 28

Case study: increasing sustainable food supplies in Makueni

State one factor which helps with crop production in Makueni
A factor which makes it difficult

Answer 28

Rich, dark volcanic soils
Low unreliable rainfall

Question 29

Case study: increasing sustainable food supplies in Makueni

State 5 initiatives the programme introduced to try and help the residents of these two villages

Answer 29

1.Imp access to clean water supply by building sand dams- protects water from evaporating so holds longer water supply
2.rainwater harvesting tank
3. Training programme 2 support local farmers
4.growing trees to decrease soil erosion and increased biodiversity + provide medicinal products

Question 30

Case study: increasing sustainable food supplies in Makueni
How water and food security has helped people

Answer 30

⬆️ yield + food security have increased
Water Bourne disease reduced
Gives more time to do other things, sustainable and cheap

Question 31

How is the UK responding to challenges with food, what are the the adv and disadv

Answer 31

Agribusiness- intensive Farming aimed at maximising food production- modern tech and chemicals e.g Lynford house🔴potentially bad for people 🟢loads of food produced - cheaper, less wastage, faster
Organic produce- no chems, ppl remove weeds
🟢more healthy, better 4 env 🔴 expensive, longer grow, food wastage