#1

Question 1

0.001, H+, pH 3 - True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Ethylene

Answer 2

Ripening of fruit
Release of dormancy
Stimulate shoot root growth
stimulate leaf abscission

Question 3

Cytokinin’s

Answer 3

Control major growth periods of the plant. Linked to ethylene to control abscission flowers leaves fruits.

Question 4

Stigma

Answer 4

Female part of the flower
Top of pollen receptacle becomes style
Leads to ovary

Question 5

Pistil

Answer 5

All of the female parts of the flower

Question 6

Anther/Filament

Answer 6

Pollen producers - Stamen

Question 7

Photosynthesis

Answer 7

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 8

Soil Structure

Answer 8

Percentage of Sand, Silt and Clay

Question 9

Nitrogen

Answer 9

Macro - Involved in cell function division, protein synthesis, photosynthesis transfer of energy

Question 10

Epigeal Germination

Answer 10

Cotyledons pushed above soil line until they provide energy until photosynthesis takes over

Question 11

Heritability

Answer 11

P=G+E
30% Genetics
70% Environment
Typically

Question 12

Sperm Morphology

Answer 12

Motility
Live to Dead Ratio
Misshapen
Numbers

Question 13

Environment/Management

Answer 13

Can influence Phenotype
e.g. supplementary feeding, shade, temperature, control, vaccination, irrigation, windbreak

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

Crude
NPN (Non-Protein Nitrogen)

Question 15

Trumpeter

Answer 15

Gonadotrophin - Release controlled by Hypothalamus

Question 16

Name the key player in ruminant protein digestion?

Answer 16

Microbial Population

Question 17

Differences in the anatomy of a monogastric compared to a ruminant.

Answer 17

Monogastric - has only one stomach (human)
Ruminant - has 4 stomachs (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum) (cow)

Question 18

The rumen is a fermentation tank. Explain the design and operation of the tank.

Question 19

Protein Digestion

Answer 19

When protein is digested it is broken down into peptides (short chains of amino acids) which then becomes NH4+ and NH3-

Question 19

Crude Protein

Answer 19

Protein that needs to be broken down to a usable form.

Question 20

NPN

Answer 20

Non Protein Nitrogen

Question 21

Rumen Microbes

Answer 21

Major source of protein in a bovines diet. Break down crude protein and NPN to NH4+ and NH3-.

Question 22

Microbes Role

Answer 22

Break down protein. continually flushes from the rumen to abomasum. they are then absorbed.

Question 23

If energy is limited, poor quality feed and low microbe numbers

Answer 23

Microbes become less efficient at using NH3-. instead of being converted to microbial protein they are absorbed across rumen wall into bloodstream (liver) converted to urea and secreted as urine.