1

Question 1

A practical, evidence-based method to avoiding preventable infections from harming patients and health care employees.

Answer 1

Infection control

Question 2

how an individual acquires the infectious agents and includes the infectious agent, the source of infection or its reservoir, how the organism is transmitted, and the organism’s portal of entry into the susceptible host.

Answer 2

Chain of infection

Question 3

the manner in which the infectious organism is acquired by the host.

Answer 3

Mode of transmission

Question 4

the specific measures used to prevent the spread of infection among all patients and healthcare workers, including measures to protect them from contaminated blood and other body fluids.

Answer 4

Standard precautions

Question 5

Standard precautions includes measures such as

Answer 5

Protect from contaminated blood or body fluids

Question 6

denotes contact of a sterile or aseptic item with microorganisms.

Answer 6

Contamination

Question 7

become contaminated if they get in contact with disease-producing organisms.

Answer 7

Medical aseptic items

Question 8

contaminated if they get in contact with items that are not sterile.

Answer 8

Sterile items

Question 9

the process where physical or chemical means are used to remove, inactivate, or destroy pathogens on a surface or item making them safe for handling use of transmitting infectious agents.

Answer 9

Decontamination

Question 10

the process of using physical or chemical means to destroy pathogens, excluding the spores.

Answer 10

Disinfection

Question 11

the process by which all pathogens are destroyed, including the spores.

Answer 11

Sterilization

Question 12

a chemical solution that inhibits the growth of some microorganisms.

Answer 12

Antiseptic

Question 13

Antiseptic that can be used directly on skin

Answer 13

Alcohol and iodine

Question 14

any infection that is acquired during the time a patient is admitted in a healthcare facility. The most common healthcare-associated infection is the urinary tract infection (UTI).

Answer 14

Healthcare associated infection

Question 15

infection that is acquired in the course of undergoing diagnostic tests or therapeutic procedures.

Answer 15

Latrogenic infection

Question 16

the acquisition or exposure to an infectious agent of a healthcare worker during the course of his/her work.

Answer 16

Occupational exposure

Question 17

specialized equipment and attire used by healthcare workers to protect them from infections.

Answer 17

PPE

Question 18

PPE INCLUDES

Answer 18

mask, gloves, googles, gowns

Question 19

condition in which the individual and its environment are free of any disease-causing microorganisms

Answer 19

Asepsis

Question 20

Goals of asepsis

Answer 20

To protect the patients from hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections
• To prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms

Question 21

opposite of asepsis, a clinical condition where an individual develops a systemic reaction to a bacterial infection

Answer 21

Sepsis

Question 22

Factors in the occurrences of infection among patient

Answer 22

1.3
Suppression of the immune system
2.
prolonged duration of illness
3. Procedures that patient undergo in the healthcare facility such as insertion of in-dwelling catheters, use of antibiotics, and insertion of intravenous lines or endotracheal tubes

Question 23

Commonly occuring pathogen leads to nasomial infection

Answer 23

E. Coli, S. Aureus, c. Albicans, enterococcus

Question 24

Primary locations of infections of these organism

Answer 24

surgical wounds, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and the bloodstream.

Question 25

Refers to the absence of disease-producing microorganisms.

Answer 25

Medical or clean asepsis

Question 26

An infection control process that aims to reduce the spread of infection.
Involves certain procedures aimed to decrease the number of organisms and prevent their spread in the general clinic setting

Answer 26

Medical asepsis

Question 27

Defined as the absence of all microorganism.

Answer 27

Surgical or sterile asepsis

Question 28

• Involves procedures that aim to eliminate microorganisms from an area in the body where surgical procedures will be performed and carried out.

Answer 28

Surgical asepsis

Question 29

General aseptic procedures that help to preserve and maintain a clean medical environment:

Answer 29

1. Frequent handwashing of hospital personnel
2. Prompt and safe disposal of contaminated materials like bandages and needles
3. Regular checking and emptying of containers for surgical drains
4. Prompt cleaning of soiled or moist areas
5. Proper labeling of containers regarding the date and time of disposal.

Question 30

One of the basic means of preventing the spread of pathogenic organisms.

Answer 30

Handwashing

Question 31

• Essential in the healthcare environment for the ff. reasons:

Answer 31

1. Reduce the flora on the healthcare worker’s skin
2. To protect the healthcare worker in the event that there is a break in his/her skin.
3. To reduce risk of contact with infectious agents if gloves worn are punctured.
4. To reduce chances of disease transmission.

Question 32

Healthcare-acquired infections healthcare workers must be aware of:

Answer 32

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
• Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 33

Specialized equipment and attire used in healthcare facility to protect individuals against infections.

Answer 33

PPE

Question 34

Used during medical procedures are disposable and are most commonly used.
• Provide protection from microorganisms
• Help prevent the spread of infectious agents from one person to another.

Answer 34

Gloves

Question 35

2 types of globes

Answer 35

Examination
Surgical

Question 36

May be sterile or not

Answer 36

Examination gloves

Question 37

sterile and serve as a protective barrier when handling or touching open wounds, blood, or body fluids.

Answer 37

Surgical gloves