1 Flashcards
The Whig party
-party emerged from Jackson’s censure senators
-national republicans. Anti masons, ex federalist
-conservative support from upper and middle classes
-hostile towards strong presidential power and territorial expansion
Martin van buren
First president to be born an American citizen
Van Burens presidency
-seen as Jackson’s third term by many historians
-economic depression
-trail of tears-forced removal of Indians
*rejected annexation offer to Texas due to imbalance of slave states not wanting problems with Mexico
Amistad case
-a Spanish slave ships sails along Cuba to sell them, the sell rose up and killed the Spanish, but they got arrested and trialed, they won, but van Buren takes it to federal court, they say the slaves are free, but van Buren says he wants to take it to the supreme court-supreme court said they should be set free
Transportation revolution
-changed more than just the commercial layout of the country
-roads, the American railroads, canals in America
-begins due to James Watts invention of the steam engine
steamboats
capable of going upstream in the hudson river, and by the start of the civil war new orleans have 3500 steal boats unloaded
Macadamization
finds a new way to make durable roads
The 2nd great awakening
*Revivals -what made the methodist church the large size it is today: Preached free will and self reliance
*Abolitionism-slavery is a evil/sin get rid of it
*Temperance movement- very successful advocated for no alcohol “Good citizenship” and attack on the family-alcoholism
^women’s voices heard in both
The telegraph
prior to news traveled at the speed of a horse, the telegraph goes at the speed of light
Western expansion
-slavery vs “free” soil
“Young america movement”
-emphasized american democracy
1.Manifest destiny -Texas
-The texas revolt-causes and origins
*slavery and politics of western expansion
*a manifest destiny to spread democracy?
*Race, ethnicity and cultural difference?
-Texas founding and historical memory
*The republic of texas “a difficult birth
2.Mexico and Texas
-Texas and the election
*texas annexation and fulfilling manifest destiny
*US mexico war- forced annexation of northwestern mexican territory
-Wilmot Proviso
*Failed proposal to ban slavery from newly acquired mexican territories
*foreshadowing political conflict
- California and compromise
-the election of 1848
*Free soil party-wins 10% northern vote
-California gold rush
*Missouri compromise repealed
*fugitive slave act
Why did Mexico want anglo settlers?
To provide a buffer to the comanche empire
Why did Texans revolt?
It was a culture clash among catholic tradition based Mexicans and the protestants.
-Mexicans wanted to be Amercian
Jackson rejects annexation because
Borders were ridiculous
It was an election year
He wanted war with mexico
President Tyler
-Man without a party
-expansionist democrats
-Tylers treaty-admit texas with mexico
Manifest Destiny
-American white devine, right to control north America
-God’s plan for america
-Empire of Liberty
-The destined use of the soil
-racial anglo saxonism
Polk’s agenda
-Texas at the rio grande
-all of oregon
-California as the key
B.Ports on the pacific
-The problem of New Mexico
-Polk’s perception of Mexico-they are corrupt had zero respect for Mexico
John Slidell’s mission
-to buy the west offers 25 million for new mexico, cali, and a rio grande boundary
-Why he failed
-Polk compromises on Oregon
War
-polk forces to compromise on oregon
-taylor at the rio grande
-Blood on American soil? Nobody buys the fact that blood was spilled on American territory. Needed proof from blood to prove it wasn’t in mexico
-Palo Alto
-congress declares war
-public enthusiasm
-volunteers poor forward
Why Mexico Lost
-the realities of mexican nationalism/US easily occupies territory with little opposition
-the nature of the Mexican army was to take able men and steal them for their army.
-mexican arms and technology/relationship to credit
Why US won
-competent regular army
-enthusiastic volunteers
-domestic manufacturing base for arms
-US had a Navy
-financial ability
Guadalupe hidalgo and the cost of victory
-The mexican cession
-Taylor in the white house
-Cali Gold Rush 1849
The Slave Question
-Missouri compromise-drew line across louisiana purchase
-Jackson and van buren avoid question by refusing to annex texas
-1845 texas comes in as slave state
Wilmot Proviso-turning point number 1 of 4
-1846 proposes any territory acquired be free of slavery
-Passes the house with a northern majority-turning point because this vote doesn’t go along the countryside
-in house votes are on sectional lines not party lines
-Senate block- 2 senators per state- they had the ability to sovereign
-southerners see this as insulting
-free soil movements
Territories question
-Battle now emerges over who will control slavery in the territories
-free soilers oppose expansion of slavery
-southerners see slavery as expansion natural/opposition
Kansas-Nebraska Act-turning point #2
-stephen douglas and his railroad
-Kansas and Nebraska territories-draws a line
-popular sovereignty in new territories
-overturned missouri compromise line
-emerges the republican party
-turning point because democrats thought this would solve
Other issues of the 1850s
-immigration-700,00 then 4,200,000
-Mainly Irish and German
-urban working class
-American Party “know nothings”-anti immigrant
-Catholics
-immigration is an recurring issue in American politics
The republican party
-from former whigs and northern (anti slavery) democrats
-California senator john fremont-first republican
Bleeding Kansas
-virtual civil war in Kansas
-three groups show up pro slavers, free soldiers, abolitionists
-and john brown and his sons
-two governments
-shows popular sovereignty will not work
Dred Scott-
was a slave, then went to Winson and was there to say/think he was free, and wanted to sue for his freedom and it goes to the supreme court, but the supreme court ruled blacks are not citizens and cannot sue.
John Brown’s Raid-turning point #3
-Brown captures federal armory at harpers ferry VA
-Brown remains for two days
-brown talks about being captured- he says the rebellion is coming to the media
-Hanged december 2nd
-response-the south hates it, they are scared of slave rebellion
Turning point #4-the election of 1860
-4 candidates
-the democrats split-breckenridge South, douglas north
-lincoln not on the ballot in south
-lincoln 39.6%
-What does this tell you about the 60%? He won’t let slavery spread, while not taking it out of the south
-the view in the south -the south can not tell the difference between the abolitionist and free soilers
The south seceded
-Why? They think he is an abolitionists
-abolitionists and free soilers
-impact of john brown
-expectation of foreign help
The civil war
-lincoln’s plans to reassure the south in 1861
-What could he do? Very little
Why he fails. - the south can’t tell the difference between abolitionist and free soilers
The first “modern war”
-Army vs Army….Society vs Society -will do anything to win
-tech-cannon balls that explode, rifles, more accurate weapons
-war correspondents and photographers
The emancipation proclamation
-lincoln’s goals
-was a wartime and military move
-taking away an asset to the south
-impact on slavery/response- slaves walked off and helped
Only freed slaves in the rebellion
The civil war (con’t)
-licoln and grant both knew the north had vast reserves of men and they could replace them
-licoln tells his cabnit he is not going to be reallected so he has to win the war before that
3rd primary source the war was about slavery
-lincoln’s 2nd inaugural address
-”The slave power was the reason for the war.”
why did they need a new road system?
the war of 1812
How much do the Whig party win?
2/3
significance of a steamboat
can go up stream
“The Women’s sphere”
women during the war were thrust into critical conditions, in south managed plantations-became leaders in reform movements-black women become essential to building black communities
What did freedom really mean for black slaves?
Black codes are put in place to restrict black people’s right to own property by land and move in society. Charging people with homelessness. South does everything in their power to keep their servitude
president Andrew Johnson
Succeeded to Presidency after Lincoln assassinated
cotton
cotton gin
-Available land, credit, steam power
-New agricultural strains
-English imports
replaces tobacco and sugar
Pro Slavery
-Slavery as a “Positive Good”
Former VP and SC Senator John Calhoun, 1837 speech
-Slavery “Commanded by God”
SC Congressman, Senator, and Governor James Henry Hammond
Letter to an English Abolitionist, 1845
Popular Sovereignty
-New territories are slave free
-Free Soil/ Free Labor and the republic
-The Slave Power
Slavery not the problem, the effects of slavery is the problem
-Use Congress to keep slavery out of territories
Abolitionists
-Slavery is an evil and an offense against God
-Consequences do not matter, immediate action required
-Extreme minority view
American Slavery
-Underground Railroad
-Masters, Slaves, and Profit
-Rape
-Contemporary Issues
Compromise of 1850
-California admitted as free state
-Slave trade abolished in Washington DC – not slavery
-Popular sovereignty in remaining Mexican Cession territories
-Fugitive Slave Law
Reaction in North
Effects of War
-“The Women’s Sphere”
-Federal government over states
-Northern capitalists and industrialists over Southern planters
-Individualistic society of small producers to “incorporated” highly organized America
-Labor
President Andrew Johnson
-Governor of Tennessee then Senator. Only Southern senator to remain loyal to North
Reconstruction
-“Second Founding” of the nation
-Military Districts in the South
-Requirements for states to rejoin Union
-State Legislatures pass “Black Codes”
Two Periods of Reconstruction
-Presidential Reconstruction
-Congressional or Radical Reconstruction
Black Codes
-“Substitution for Slavery”
-Annual labor contracts
If no job, could be arrested and forced to work for free
Apprentice laws for children
-Legalized corporal punishment
-Could not own property…or guns
-No voting rights
