1 Flashcards
What are biological molecules
The molecules that make up living organisms/cells
What are the different biological molecules needed by the body
Carbohydrates Vitamins
Fats minerals/inorganic ions
Proteins nucleic acids(dna&rna)
Water ( micro)
(Macro nutrients)
Types of nutrition are
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Saprotrophic
Cells obtain biological molecules from..
Nutrients
Name the macro nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats/lipids
Proteins
Water
Name the micro nutrients
Vitamins
Nucleic Acids
Minerals(inorganic ions)
What are the elements in carbohydrates
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Contents of a monosachharide …
Glucose and fructose
What is the monomer of carbohydrates
Glucose
Contents of dissacharides..
Sucrose and lactose
Contents of polysacharrides
Starch,cellulose,chitin,glycogen
What does mono mean?
1
What does di mean
2
What does poly mean
More than 2
What is nutrition?
Taking in of materias for energy growth and development
Which are the inorganic nutritients
Mineral ions
Water
Vitamins
What is autotrophic nutrition?
The type nutrition where organisms naked theor own food eg photosynthesis by plants
What is heterotrophic nutrition?
The tyoe of nutrition where organisms depend on plants and animals for food
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
The type of nutrition where organisms feed on dead materials and decomposers eg fungus or vulture
Which are organic nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats
Nucleic acids
Proteins
What is a polysaccharide
3 or more chains/links of monosachharides
Why do organisms needs Carbohydrates
Provide energy
What test do you take to detect the presence of carbohydrates(starch)?
Iodine test(with iodine solution)
How to you test for monosacchirides(reducing sugars)
Benedict solution
What does Benedict solution test for
Glucose
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
How many types of amino acids are there)
20
What are the different types of amino acids
Essential and Non essential
What are essential amino acids
The body has to make them
What are non essential amino acids
Obtained from different food substances
Uses of protein
For building new cells
Making enzymes which catalyze chemical reactions
Make anti bodies >fight against disease causeing pathogens
Hormomes> for coordinating a function
What is a polypeptide
3 or more amino acids with 2 peptide bonds
What is a dipeptide
2 amino acids with 1 peptide bond
What chemical is biuret A
KOH potassium hydroxide
What colour will show a positive protein result
Purple
What elements are fats made up of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What are the uses of fats
Energy(storage)
Layers of fat can act as insulation
Synthesizes sex hormones
How do you test for fats
Fats are insoluble in h20. Soluble in ethanol. Mix thoroughly. Add drops of water. If cloudy precipitate appears, fats are present
What are the elements of protein
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
And SOME:Phosphorus and sulphur
How to test for protein
Add equal volume of biuret reagent to unknown sample. If mixture turns purple- proteins present
(Mixture remains blue if absent)
What are thr mongers of fats
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is between fatty acids and glycerol
A bond
What is the pentagon shaped thing in DNA
Deoxyribose
The circular shaped thing in dna
Phosphate
What is another name for vitamin C
Ascorbic acid
How to test for vitamin C
Place equal volume of DCPIP in test tubes. Add different types of fruit juices into the test tube having dcpip drop by drop. Higher vitamin C content fewer drops of dcpip needed
What are Nucleic acids
Acids in the nucleus
What is the polymer for Nucleic acids
DNA
What is DNA
It is the genetic material of a living organism
Where is DNA found
In the chromosome
What does each chromosome have
A long DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxy ribo Nucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acids
What is a nucleotide made up of
A phosphate,deoxyribose(a sugar) and a nitrogen base
What is a group of nitrogen bases called
Base pair
What are the sides of DNA made of
Repeated units of sugar and phosphate
What are the rungs(ladder steps) made up of
Nitrogen base
Where idms DNA located
Inside the chromosome of the nucleus
What is DNA
The genetic material in the nucleus
What are the two strands of DNA heod together by?
Bonds that occur between nitrogen bases(HYDROGEN BONDS)
What are the full names of ATGC
A- adenine
T-thymine
G-guanine
C-cytosine
There are 2 Hydrogen bonds between
A and T
There are 3 Hydrogen bonds between
G and C
