1

Question 1

to curb nagative effects to brain drain

Answer 1

to retain skilled workers

Question 2

schemes have been implemented

Answer 2

initiatives have been established

Question 3

in some countries

Answer 3

some goverment have

Question 4

to bring migrants home

Answer 4

assist professionals to return to their home countries

Question 5

when people emigrate

Answer 5

migrating individuals

Question 6

help families by sending money

Answer 6

send reminttances home to family

Question 7

people first used the term

Answer 7

the term was coined

Question 8

to refer to

Answer 8

to describe

Question 9

skilled europeans

Answer 9

scientists and technologists from europe

Question 10

sfterthe second war

Answer 10

in 1950s
post war

Question 11

brain drain result of

Answer 11

…. contribute to the brain drain
کمک به

Question 12

problems people face

Answer 12

• face means رو به رو شدن
  lack of opportunities
  political instability
  etc

Question 13

allure of better life

Answer 13

offer a better life conditions
* allure = attractive توجه جلب کننده
* allure of something = to attract by something flattering or desireable/ to fascinate
* offer = پیشنهاد / ارائه / عرضه

Question 14

offer

Answer 14

give
afford
provide
proposal
پیشنهاد
ارائه
عرضه
suggest

Question 15

emigrate

Answer 15

مهاجرت کردن

Question 16

individual

Answer 16

شخصی
personal