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ENZYMES > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Transfer of an amino group between aspartate
and α-keto acids
• Involved in the synthesis and degradation of AA.
• Widely distributed, highest activities in cardiac, liver
and skeletal muscle

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

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2
Q

2 isoenxzyme:
______- most abundant / predominant in healthy human serum
________type: present in the mitochondrial membrane = inc. in serum= necrosis

A

Cytoplasmic

Mitochondrial

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3
Q

: enzymes with similar catalytic activity but defer in the physical and biochemical and immunologic properties

A

isoeznyme

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4
Q

Aspartate + a- ketoglutarate —- _____ ——oxaloacetate + glutamate

A

AST

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5
Q

AST
RISE
PEAK
RETURN TO NORMAL VALUES

A

6-8 hours
24 hours
5 days

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6
Q

AST also increase in

A

in hepatocellular and skeletal muscle dis
hepatocellular= chronic disorder of the liver with progressive damage

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7
Q

Uses malate dehydrogenase and monitors decrease in
absorbance at 340 nm
o Falsely ↑ in hemolyzed sample

A

Karmen method (AST)

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8
Q

RR of karmen method

A

5-30 U/L

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9
Q

aminotransferases need co enzyme;
_______ (vitamin B6)
Co-enzyme: this is a type of cofactor that serves as the second substrate for enzyme
when co enzyme is tightly bound it is called: ____ group

A

pyridoxal phosphate

prostetic

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10
Q

NAD 2 Forms

A

NAD- Oxidized - Decreased absorbance
NADH- Reduced - Increased absorbance

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11
Q

What Method

Aspartate + a-ketoglutarate
—> ______ —> glutamate + oxaloacetate

Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+—> _____ —>
malate + NAD*

A

KARMEN METHOD

AST

MD

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE PRODUCT IN KARMEN METHOD

A

OXALOACETATE/ NAD

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13
Q

Also known as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
(SGPT)
• Transfer of an amino group between alanine and αketoglutarate
• Increased in hepatocellular disorder

A

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT

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14
Q

more liver specific

A

ALT

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15
Q

is used/ sig in the eva of hepatic disorder
-inc in acyte inflammatory disorder of the liver
-used to monitor cause of the hepatitis treatement and effects of drug therapy
-use in screening for post tranfusion hepatitis
-screen for blood donors

A

ALT

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16
Q

Alanine + a-ketoglutarate
—> _____ —> pyruvate + glutamate

what is the product in this?

A

ALT

Glutamate

17
Q

= sensitive test for occupational toxic exposure

A

ALT

18
Q

The AST/ALT Ratio
• Differentiates the cause of hepatic disorder
Ratio > 1→

• Ratio < 1 →

A

DE RITIS RATIO
> 1 Non viral origin
< 1 Viral origin

19
Q

Uses Lactate Dehydrogenase and monitors decrease in absorbance at 340 nm

A

ALT / DE RITIS RATIO

20
Q

Alanine + a-ketoglutarate
—>____ —> pyruvate + glutamate

Pyruvate + NADH + H+
—> ___ —> Lactate + NAD always react with?

A

ALT
LD

reductase

21
Q

MAJOR ORGAN AFFECTED IN AST AND ALT

A

HEART; LIVER

22
Q

SUBSTRATE IN AST AND ALT

A

ASPARTIC ALPHA
KETOGLUTARIC ACID;

ALANINE ALPHA
KETOGLUTARIC ACID

23
Q

END PRODUCTS OF AST and ALT

A

GLUTAMIC ACID +
OXALOACETIC ACID

GLUTAMIC ACID + PYRUVIC
ACID

24
Q

COLOR DEVELOPER IN AST AND ALT

A

2,4 DNPH
2,4 DNPH

25
Q

COLOR INTENSIFIER OF AST AND ALT

A

0.4 N NaOH
0.4 N NaOH

26
Q

METHOD OF AST AND ALT

A

Reitman and Frankel
Reitman and Frankel

27
Q

Catalyze the transfer of the γ-glutamyl residue from γglutamyl peptides to amino acids, H20, etc.

A

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)

28
Q

Used for diagnosis = canaliculi of the hepatic cells specifically the epithelial
cell lining
sensitive marker in ethanol= acute alcoholism

x: hepatobiliary disorder and chronic alcoholism

A

GGT

29
Q

COMMON DONOR FOR GGT

A

GLUTATHIONE

30
Q

Glutathione + amino acid
—> ___—> glutamyl-peptide
+ L-cysteinylglycine

A

GGT

31
Q

The absorbance of p-Nitroaniline is measured
at 405-420 nm

A

SZAZ ASSAY

32
Q

wavelength req can be a clue for the possible appearance of product
____ nn = color ed product
< (UV) or > (IR) = colorless product

A

400-700

400 (UV)
700 (IR)

33
Q

Y-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide + glycylglycine
—> ___—>
y-Glutamyl-glycylglycine + p-Nitroaniline

A

GGTP

34
Q

storage of high energy creatine phosphate

A

CK

35
Q

purpose of creating phosphate

A

high energy reservoir of the body in the muscles

36
Q

originates in the liver

A

CK

GMA (glycine, methionine, arginine)

37
Q

creatine converted to?

A

creatine phosphate

38
Q

STRUCTURE OF CK

A

chimeric dimeric

ENZYMES (2 decks)

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