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Question 1

Who was the first agency to use mugshots?

Answer 1

Paris Police Department

Question 2

Who created the standard outline rules for document photos?

Answer 2

Alphonse Bertillon

Question 3

What were the outlined rules for standard photo documenting?

Answer 3

Well lit, face/profile, ears visible

Question 4

Who used phreneology and what is it?

Answer 4

Alphonse Bertillon, Belief that criminality could be deduced through shape of their head (brain)

Question 5

Who argued for uniformity in mugshots in US

Answer 5

J. Edgar Hoover

Question 6

Luco v. United States

Answer 6

US Supreme Court rules on admissibility of photos used as evidence

Question 7

Which Supreme Court cases created photography as a forensic tool

Answer 7

Luco v. United States

Question 8

When did crime scene photography start?

Answer 8

1859

Question 9

What happened in the 1860s and 1870s?

Answer 9

People ushered in fake photos used to commit fraud

Question 10

Blair v. Inhabitants of Pelham

Answer 10

Photos may be used to assist jury in understanding case if its a “true representation”

Question 11

Alfred Nobel

Answer 11

Takes first successful aerial photo with rocket mounted camera

Question 12

Commonwealth v. Best

Answer 12

Supreme Court upheld admissibility of firearms identification photo

Question 13

People v. Jennings

Answer 13

Photos of fingerprints used for comparison were admitted on death penalty case

Question 14

State v. Thorp

Answer 14

Ultraviolet photo used to show footwear in blood

Question 15

Green v. County of Denver

Answer 15

Color photos admissible in court

Question 16

Kauffman v. Meyberg

Answer 16

Admissibility of infrared photo of erased writing upheld

Question 17

What precedence must be set so that crime scene photos can be admissible?

Answer 17

• Relevant and material to the case
• Presented in court by witness with first-hand knowledge of what was depicted in photo
• True/fair and accurate representation
• Probative value (shock value) must not be outweighed by the prejudicial effect
• Must be submitted to opposing party
• Must have documented chain of custody

Question 18

What is the Chain of Custody?

Answer 18

Documentation of sequence of possession, secure storage, and/or shipping of an item of physical evidence

Question 19

Is the record of processing an image part of the chain of custody?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What is in metadata?

Answer 20

File type, camera used, settings, time/data

Question 21

Does everyone have authority to chain of custody?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What are some uses of photography in law enforcement?

Answer 22

Injuries, and fingerprints

Question 23

What do crime scene photos do?

Answer 23

Present logical stories as told by scene in visual form

Question 24

What kind of approach do crime scene photos take?

Answer 24

Methodical approach

Question 25

What do crime scene photos document?

Answer 25

Crime/accident scenes, including evidence and people involved

Question 26

What is the purpose of crime scene photos?

Answer 26

• Provide investigative leads
• Refresh memory, substantiate testimony, and clarify understanding
• Focus on location of crime
• Concentrate on nature of crime
• Center on results of crime
• Show physical evidence existing at scene
• Focus on follow-up activity not directly occurring at immediate scene