1. Flashcards
materials that are used as raw material for any sort of
construction or manufacturing in an organized way of engineering applications.
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
polycrystalline bodies which are having number of differentially
oriented fine crystals.
METALS
metals are having iron as common element.
FERROUS METALS
metals are having very low permeability.
NON-FERROUS METALS
non-crystalline in nature. This exists in amorphic or
mesomorphic forms
NON-METALS
Engineering materials can also be classified as
- Metals and Alloys
- Ceramic Materials
- Organic Materials
are having very a low mechanical strength, which sometimes does not
match with the mechanical strength required for certain applications
PURE METAL
are the composition of two or more metals and non-metals together. Alloys are
having good mechanical strength, low temperature coefficient of resistance.
ALLOYS
non-metallic solids
CERAMIC MATERIALS
are usually long chain organic macro-molecules with co-valent
bonds. Each molecule is formed from a large number of unitary molecules known
as Monomer
POLYMER
are macro-physical combination of different phases where the aim
is to combine beneficial properties of the constituent materials.
COMPOSITE
are having carbon as a common element
ORGANIC MATERIALS
properties, which directly influence the choice of material, can be
summarized under the following categories:
- Physical properties
- Mechanical properties
- Chemical properties
- Electrical properties
- Magnetic Properties
“the mass per unit volume”. kg/m³
DENSITY OF MATERIAL
defined as the ratio of density of material with respect to density of a reference
material or substance.
SPECIFIC DENSITY OF MATERIALS
temperature at which the substance changes from one
state to another state
STATE CHANGE TEMPERATURE
represents the expansion in material with increase in temperature.
COEFFICIENT IN THERMAL EXPANSION (AREA,LINEAR,VOLUME)
the amount of heat required to increase the
temperature of unit mass of material by 1°C.
SPECIFIC HEAT OF MATERIAL
the amount of heat required/released by change
in unit mass of material from one state to another state (Phase change)
LATENT HEAT
property of material which represents that how easily a material can flow in liquid
state. It is reciprocal to the viscosity of a material
FLUIDITY OF MATERIALS
property of a material which presents that how easily the two pieces of material
can be welded together by applying pressure or heat or both.
WELD ABILITY OF MATERIALS
property of a material by which it regains its original dimensions on removal
of load or force.
ELASTICITY OF MATERIAL
increasing the load beyond the limit of elasticity, the material retains
it molded state.
PLASTICITY OF MATERIALS
quantity of voids in solid materials
POROSITY OF MATERIALS
the amount of heat
transmitted by unit thickness of material normal to the unit area surface in unit time
when the temperature gradient across the material piece is unity in steady state
condition”.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MATERIAL
property of materials which represents that how easily the electricity can be
conducted by the material. It is denoted by ‘σ’. It is the reciprocal of resistivity of
material. It unit is mho/meter.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MATERIAL
property of a material which opposes the deformation or breakdown of material
in presence of external forces or load
STRENGTH
ability of a material to be deformed and to return to the original shape
ELASTICITY
ability to resist deformation
STIFFNESS
ability of the material to bend easily
FLEXIBILITY
ability of a metal to be deformed considerably without ruptur
PLASTICITY
ability of material to get stretched into a wire by pulling or
drawing. High temp=High_____
DUCTILITY
susceptibility to extreme deformation in rolling or hammering
MALLEABILITY
ability of a material to absorb the energy and gets plastically deformed without
fracturing
TOUGHNESS
ability of material to absorb the energy when it is deformed elastically by
applying stress and release the energy when stress is removed.
RESILIENCE
ability of a material to resist to permanent shape change due to external stress. (scratch,identation,rebound)
HARDNESS
tendency to fracture without appreciable deformation.
BRITTLENESS
property of a material which indicates the tendency of material to move
slowly and deform permanently under the influence of external mechanical stress
CREEP AND SLIP
weakening of material caused by the repeated loading of the material.
FATIGUE
somewhat indefinite property that refers to the relative ease with which a material
can be cut.
MACHINABILITY
indicates the elements which are
combined together to form that material
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
represents how atoms are bounded to each other to form the
material.
ATOMIC BONDING
forms by exchanging of valence electrons between atoms
IONIC BONDING
forms by sharing of electrons between atoms.
COVALENT BONDS
found in metals(bonds)
METALLIC BOND
ability of material to resist the
oxidation in atmospheric condition
CORROSION RESISTANCE
indicates that how they react with other materials.
ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY
property of material which resists the flow of electric current through material.
RESISTIVITY
property of
material with
allow the flow
of electric current through material
CONDUCTIVITY
property of material which indicates the ability of material to withstand at high
voltages.
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
indicates the change in resistance
of material with change in temperature
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE
junction formed by joining to two metals is heated, a small voltage in the range
of millivolt is produced
THERMOELECTRICITY
property of magnetic material which indicates that how easily the magnetic flux
is build up in material
PERMEABILITY
even after removal of external magnetic field,
some magnetization exists, which is called residual magnetism
RETENTIVITY
external magnetic motive force (ATs)
required to overcome the residual magnetism is called “c_____ f_____” of material.
COERCIVE FORCE
property of magnetic material which resists to buildup of magnetic flux in
material.
RELUCTANCE
Hexagonal
Shades of red and reddish
brown
70-60%
5- 6 HARDNESS
HEMATITE
Isometric
Steel grey or black
72-62%
5.5- 6.5 HARDNESS
MAGNETITE
Amorphous
Yellowish brown
63-59%
4- 5.5 HARDNESS
LIMONITE
Hexagonal
Pale yellow to dark
brown and black if Mn is
present in excess
48%
3.5- 4 HARDNESS
SIDERITE
Isometric
Dark yellow to yellowish
brown
46%
6- 6.5 HARDNESS
PYRITE
form of mining in which the soil and the rock covering the mineral
deposits are removed
SURFACE MINING
used to extract ore from below the surface of the earth
safely, economically and with as little waste as possible
UNDERGROUND MINING
Crude ore, or ore mined in the natural state, seldom occurs in a pure state and requires
some form of beneficiation
BENEFICIATION PRODUCTION OF PIG IRON
