#1

Question 1

what is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun

Answer 1

1 astronomical unit

Question 2

Strong Nuclear

Answer 2

fundamental force responsible for binding protons and neutrons together when they are sufficiently close together

Question 3

Gravity

Answer 3

fundamental force responsible for mass being attracted to other mass

Question 4

electromagnetic

Answer 4

fundamental force responsible for like electric (magnetic) charges repelling and unlike charges attracting

Question 5

weak nuclear

Answer 5

fundamental force responsible for radioactive decay process

Question 6

what equation refers to relationship that quantifies how much energy can be derived from the complete conversion of mass, or amount of mass that can be created from the complete conversion of energy

Answer 6

E = mc2

Question 7

Pair Production

Answer 7

the process by which mass is created out of photons (energy)

Question 8

Annihilation

Answer 8

The process by which photons are created out of two particles of mass

Question 9

Andromeda is about 2 million light years away, so the light we see from it…?

Answer 9

left the galaxy 2 million years ago

Question 10

what two things are inextricably linked?

Answer 10

space and time

Question 11

if Observer A, who is traveling at the 150,00 km/sec and they measure the speed for which the beam of light travels to be 300,000 km/sec, what did Observer B, who is standing on the side of the road measure?

Answer 11

They both measured the same thing (300,000 km/sec)

Question 12

if you’re driving your car at the speed of light, an observer beside the road will see…?

Answer 12

the car’s bumper shorten

Question 13

the same observer, looking at YOUR wristwatch will see…?

Answer 13

your watch moving slower (registering time more slowly)

Question 14

YOU driving the car will see…?

Answer 14

no difference in height or length

Question 15

YOU looking at your own wrist watch will see…?

Answer 15

no difference in time

Question 16

Temperature

Answer 16

the measure that quantifies average atomic and molecular motion

Question 17

at what point does all atomic/molecular motion stop?

Answer 17

0 kelvin

Question 18

ionization

Answer 18

removal of electrons from a given atom

Question 19

isotopes

Answer 19

the same # of protons and electrons, but different # of neutrons

Question 20

Isotropy

Answer 20

the universe is the same everywhere

Question 21

homogeneity

Answer 21

everything is evenly distributed within galaxies; no voids

Question 22

universality

Answer 22

laws of nature in our universe are the same everywhere else

Question 23

cosmological principle

Answer 23

every observer in any other galaxy sees the same principles; there can’t be a preferential position (we are not at the center and there are no boundaries)

Question 24

What did Edwin Hubble find?

Answer 24

Nearly all galaxies were receding and therefore the universe is expanding

Question 25

@ t=0 the state of the universe is

Answer 25

very hot and very small

Question 26

@ t=0 what is also assumed?

Answer 26

that the four fundamental forces are completely unified

Question 27

Nuclear fusion reactions made very few heavy elements because

Answer 27

the universe cooled too quickly to build nuclei bigger than helium

Question 28

how long did it take the universe to build the basic building blocks of matter

Answer 28

3 min

Question 29

after the universe is created the first force to decouple is

Answer 29

Gravity

Question 30

strong nuclear

Answer 30

inflationary period (the universe expanded faster than the speed of light)

Question 31

in the Era of recombination, the Cosmic Background Radiation what happened?

Answer 31

stable, neutral atoms were formed

Question 32

what phenomenon had to occur to discover the relative size of the moon with respect to the Earth

Answer 32

total lunar eclipse

Question 33

how was the size of the earth founded?

Answer 33

by measuring the distance from Syene to Alexandria

Question 34

What is an Ecliptic?

Answer 34

the path the sun appears to follow on the celestial sphere

Question 35

When would a new moon 1st rise above the horizon?

Answer 35

at 6 am

Question 36

ptolemy cosmology places the Earth @

Answer 36

the center of the Universe

Question 37

longitude

Answer 37

right ascension

Question 38

latitude

Answer 38

declination

Question 39

when is it best to see taurus and Venus

Answer 39

taurus = morning
venus= evening

Question 40

During the month of January the Earth is physically closer to the sun by approximately 3,000,000 miles. The effect of this closer proximity on our winter is overwhelmingly counteracted by:

Answer 40

the relative angle between the Sun’s rays and the Earth’s surface

Question 41

if you are viewing from the North Celestial Pole - what time of day is it for the observer at position A?

Answer 41

6 pm

Question 42

Constellation

Answer 42

A is on of the 88 officially recognized grouping of stars

Question 43

the zodiacal constellations lie along the

Answer 43

path that the sun appears to follow on the celestial sphere

Question 44

In the diagram, what season is it in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

Answer 44

North = winter
South = summer

Question 45

The measurement that was proposed by the ancients (Aristotle) to distinguish between the Geocentric and Heliocentric cosmologies was:

Answer 45

Stellar Parallax

Question 46

open universe

Answer 46

when there is insufficient gravity or mass to stop expansion of the universe

Question 47

closed universe

Answer 47

when there is sufficient gravity or mass to stop the universe from expanding

Question 48

what type of universe do we have?

Answer 48

we have a flat universe (depends on mass density)