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History since 1500 final exam > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

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1
Q

was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet

A

Vladimir Lenin

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2
Q

a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who led the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months from late July to early November.

A

Alexander Kerensky

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3
Q

Majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, later renamed the Communist Party.

A

Bolsheviks

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4
Q

a Soviet revolutionary and politician who was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

A

Joseph Stalin

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5
Q

Seizure of power by the Bolshevik Party, inaugurating the Soviet regime.

A

October Revolution

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6
Q

Elected council in the former Soviet Union, or a citizen of the former Soviet Union.

A

Soviet

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7
Q

New Economic Policy implemented in Soviet Russia.

A

NEP

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8
Q

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the official name of the former Soviet Union.

A

USSR

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9
Q

Separate peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I.

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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10
Q

Organization of a country’s production and industry into government ownership and management.

A

Collectivization

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11
Q

System of labor camps in the Soviet Union, resulting in many deaths.

A

Gulag

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12
Q

Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People’s Republic of China

A

Mao Zedong

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13
Q

Five-year plan of forced agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization in China.

A

Great Leap Forward

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14
Q

Mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement during China’s Cultural Revolution.

A

Red Guards

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15
Q

Sociopolitical movement in the People’s Republic of China initiated by Mao Zedong.

A

Cultural Revolution

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16
Q

Group that controlled the power organs of the CCP during China’s Cultural Revolution.

A

Gang of Four

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17
Q

Goals announced by China’s Premier Zhou Enlai to strengthen agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.

A

Four Modernizations

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18
Q

a Chinese revolutionary, statesman and revisionist who served as the paramount leader of the People’s Republic of China from December 1978 to November 1989

A

Deng Xiaoping

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19
Q

Site of peaceful protests for political and economic reform in China.

A

Tiananmen Square

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20
Q

Term describing the increased interconnectivity of the world through trade and technology.

A

Globalization

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21
Q

Island that experienced economic growth after the national government moved there.

A

Taiwan

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22
Q

Loyalty and devotion to a nation.

A

Nationalism

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23
Q

Period of intensified imperialistic expansion from the late 19th century until World War I.

A

New Imperialism

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24
Q

European countries’ acquisition of nearly all of the African continent as part of their empires.

A

Scramble for Africa

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25
Q

Phase of rapid scientific discovery, mass production, and industrialization in the late 19th to early 20th century.

A

Second Wave Industrialization

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26
Q

Process of building the first nation-state for Germans based on the concept of Lesser Germany.

A

German Unification

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27
Q

Conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by Prussia.

A

Franco-Prussian War

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28
Q

Political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states into the Kingdom of Italy.

A

Italian Unification

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29
Q

The foremost military figure and popular hero of the age of Italian unification known as the Risorgimento he is deemed one of the makers of Modern Italy.

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

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30
Q

an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.

A

Giuseppe Mazzini

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31
Q

Africa’s oldest independent country with over 3000 years of history.

A

Ethiopia

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32
Q

Detachment of the Force Publique that joined British and French forces in attacking German Cameroon.

A

Congo

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33
Q

Country that wanted to participate in World War II but the United States did not act in time.

A

Philippines

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34
Q

English naturalist known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

A

Charles Darwin

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35
Q

Conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics in Southern Africa.

A

Boer War

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36
Q

Process by which different species develop and diversify from earlier forms.

A

Evolution

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37
Q

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian imperial throne whose assassination sparked World War I.

A

Franz Ferdinand

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38
Q

Monarchy that employed a significant portion of its forces in World War I.

A

Serbia

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39
Q

Term associated with the events leading up to World War I.

A

Powder Keg

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40
Q

Coalition of countries opposing the Axis powers during World War II.

A

Allied Powers

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41
Q

Military alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

A

Central Powers

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42
Q

Combat in which opposing sides attack and defend from systems of trenches.

A

Trench Warfare

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43
Q

Advancements in artillery, machine guns, tanks, explosives, chemical weapons, airplanes, and medical technology.

A

New Technologies WW1

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44
Q

Feudalism effectively ended by the 16th century due to military shifts and the Black Death.

A

End of Feudalism

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45
Q

Treaty ending World War I, requiring Germany to pay reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up colonies.

A

Treaty of Versailles

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46
Q

Desire by one state to annex a territory of another state.

A

Irredentism

47
Q

Italian poet, playwright, journalist, and military officer during World War I.

A

Gabriele D’Annunzio

48
Q

Global conflict following the Great Depression, involving major powers and resulting in significant geopolitical changes.

A

World War II

49
Q

Global economic collapse triggered by the New York Stock Market Crash.

A

Great Depression

50
Q

Act of giving in to aggressive demands to maintain peace.

A

Appeasement

51
Q

Military tactic of quick, overwhelming attacks to achieve rapid victory.

A

Blitzkrieg

52
Q

Research program during World War II to develop nuclear weapons.

A

Manhattan Project

53
Q

Unrestricted war in terms of weapons, territory, combatants, and objectives.

A

Total War

54
Q

Deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group.

A

Genocide

55
Q

Genocide of European Jews during World War II.

A

Holocaust

56
Q

World’s first long-range guided ballistic missile.

A

V-2 Rocket

57
Q

German bombing campaign targeting the United Kingdom during World War II.

A

The Blitz

58
Q

Non-aggression pact signed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union before World War II.

A

Nazi-Soviet Pact

59
Q

Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

A

Operation Barbarossa

60
Q

Major battle on the Eastern Front between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

A

Stalingrad

61
Q

Largest amphibious invasion in history during World War II.

A

D-Day

62
Q

Meeting of Allied leaders to set up zones of control and inform Japan of the consequences of refusal to surrender.

A

Potsdam Conference

63
Q

Surprise attack by Japan on the United States, leading to U.S. entry into World War II.

A

Pearl Harbor

64
Q

Cities in Japan where the United States dropped atomic bombs.

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

65
Q

U.S. aid program to help European nations recover after World War II.

A

Marshall Plan

66
Q

International organization for maintaining peace and security.

A

United Nations

67
Q

Term for the U.S. industry as the primary supplier of material for the Allied war effort.

A

Arsenal of Democracy

68
Q

Members of irregular military forces opposing foreign control of an area.

A

Partisans

69
Q

Coalition of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

A

Axis Powers

70
Q

Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War.

A

Francisco Franco

71
Q

International criminal tribunals to prosecute war crimes after World War II.

A

Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials

72
Q

Period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.

A

Cold War

73
Q

War instigated by a major power without direct involvement.

A

Proxy War

74
Q

Collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe.

A

Warsaw Pact

75
Q

Military alliance of North American and European countries.

A

NATO

76
Q

Concrete barrier encircling West Berlin during the Cold War.

A

Berlin Wall

77
Q

Confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba.

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

78
Q

Competition between nations for superiority in weapon development and accumulation.

A

Arms Race

79
Q

Ballistic missile with a range greater than 5,500 kilometers.

A

ICBM

80
Q

First artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union.

A

Sputnik

81
Q

Competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for space exploration.

A

Space Race

82
Q

Armed conflict in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

A

Soviet War in Afghanistan

83
Q

First non-Italian pope who protested communism.

A

John Paul II

84
Q

Period of political liberalization and mass protest in Czechoslovakia.

A

Prague Spring

85
Q

Support for each other, especially in political or international affairs.

A

Solidarity

86
Q

Leader of the Solidarity movement that ended Communist rule in Poland.

A

Lech Walesa

87
Q

Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party.

A

Leonid Brezhnev

88
Q

Oil shock causing energy prices to skyrocket and fuel shortages in the United States.

A

1973 Oil Crisis

89
Q

Series of events leading to the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in Iran.

A

Iranian Revolution

90
Q

Diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States.

A

Hostage Crisis

91
Q

Conflict between North and South Vietnam, involving major powers.

A

Vietnam War

92
Q

Forum of countries not aligned with any major power bloc.

A

Non-Aligned Movement

93
Q

Historic events leading to the end of British rule in India.

A

Indian Independence

94
Q

Invasion of Egypt and Gaza Strip by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France.

A

Suez Crisis

95
Q

Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt.

A

Gamal Abdel Nasser

96
Q

Treaty to promote integration and economic growth in Europe.

A

Treaty of Rome

97
Q

Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician.

A

Josip Broz Tito

98
Q

1953 Iranian coup d’état orchestrated by the U.S. and the UK.

A

Operation Ajax

99
Q

The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.

A

Decolonization

100
Q

Co-wrote The Communist Manifesto and authored Das Kapital, forming the basis of Marxism.

A

Karl Marx

101
Q

German philosopher and collaborator of Karl Marx, defining modern communism.

A

Friedrich Engels

102
Q

Political theory advocating class war and public ownership of property.

A

Communism

103
Q

Russian revolutionary anarchist, influential figure in anarchism.

A

Mikhail Bakunin

104
Q

French socialist, philosopher, and economist, considered the ‘father of anarchism’.

A

Pierre Proudhon

105
Q

Political theory advocating the abolition of hierarchical government and voluntary cooperation.

A

Anarchism

106
Q

Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist, and founder of utopian socialism.

A

Robert Owen

107
Q

French philosopher and influential early socialist thinker.

A

Charles Fourier

108
Q

Political philosophy advocating social ownership of means of production.

A

Socialism

109
Q

Italian dictator and founder of the National Fascist Party.

A

Benito Mussolini

110
Q

German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party.

A

Adolf Hitler

111
Q

Society organized under a dictator’s rule, suppressing dissent.

A

Fascism

112
Q

Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. His most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia’s serfs in 1861.

A

Alexander II

113
Q

the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. During his reign, gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers,

A

Nicholas II

History since 1500 final exam (1 decks)

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