1 Flashcards
Infection
A condition that results when a microbe invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease
Microbe
Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses
Non-pathogenic Microbes
Normal flora
Does not cause disease under normal conditions
Pathogenic Microbes
Pathogens
Capable of causing disease
Communicable Infections
Pathogenic microbes that cause infection which are able to spread from person to person
CDC
Centers for disease control and prevention
Develops guidelines for safety precautions of healthcare workers
Nosocomial Infection
Traditional term applied to patient infections acquired in hospitals
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Newer term applied to patient infections acquired during healthcare delivery in all healthcare settings
Standard Infection ratio
Used to track communicable diseases by the CDC
Clostridium difficile (C-diff)
A type of intestinal bacteria that multiplies when patients are treated with antibiotics
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)
Responsible for many different HAI’s from skin, wound, surgical site infections
Enterococcus
Bacteria that normally present in the digestive tract and female genital tract
No threat to health individuals
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria
Superbug
Chain of infection components
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Exit pathway
- Means of transmission
- Entry pathway
- Susceptible host
Chain of infection:
- infectious agent
Pathogenic microbe
Chain of infection
- reservoir
The source of infectious agent
Chain of infection
- Exit pathway
A way that the infectious agent can leave a reservoir host
Chain of infection
- means of transmission
Airborne
Contact
Droplet
Vector
Vehicle
Chain of infection
- entry pathway
A way for infectious agent to enter susceptible host
Chain of infection
- susceptible host
Someone with a decreased ability to resist infection
Anatomical Immune System
Skin
Mucous membrane
Internal Immune System
After breach in anatomical immune system
- Phagocytosis: cells that surround and engulf organism
- Antibodies
Common immunizations
Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B
Infection Control Practices
Hand hygiene
PPE
Asepsis
Aseptic technique
Sequence for Donning and Doffing
Donning: gown, mask, goggles, gloves
Doffing: gloves, goggles, mask, gown
Asepsis
A condition of being free from contamination or germs that could cause disease
Aseptic Technique
A healthcare practice used to reduce the chance of microbial contamination
Universal Precautions
A set of precautions for dealing with patients and test specimens based on the assumption that all patients may be positive for blood born pathogens
Body substance isolation procedures
Required the same barrier precautions for all moist body substances, not just those associated with transmission of HIV and Hep
Routine Practices
Based on the premise that all laboratory samples are potentially infectious even when they come from asymptomatic patients
Isolation Procedures
Minimize the spread of infection
Types of precautions
Protective/reverse isolation
Universal precautions
Standard precautions
Transmission based precautions
2 types of Airborne infections
Rubeola
TB
2 types of droplet infection
Meningitis
Pneumonia
2 types of contact infections
MRSA
C-diff
