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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY MIDTERMS LEC > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

medulla cavity has a membrane
lining called the

A

ENDOSTEUM

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2
Q

a thick, red mass of cells inside the medulla cavity,
which makes essential blood cells

A

BONE MARROW

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3
Q

created in the bone marrow

A

BLOOD CELLS

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4
Q

As the bone ages, the red bone
marrow gradually changes into

A

YELLOW FATTY MARROW

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5
Q

OUTER BONE SURFACE

A

PERIOSTEUM

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6
Q

refers to either end or
extremity of a long bone

A

EPIPHYSIS

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7
Q

end closest
to the main body of the animal

A

PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS

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8
Q

end farthest
from the main body of the animal

A

DISTAL EPIPHYSIS

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9
Q

the long bone shaft between the two joint ends

A

DIAPHYSIS

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10
Q

the shaft that allows the bone
to increase in length

A

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

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11
Q

layer of cartilage between the joint ends

A

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

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12
Q

fibrous membrane that covers the exterior of the bone,
excluding the joint ends

A

PERIOSTEUM

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13
Q

thin layer of
cartilage that covers each joint end

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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14
Q

Bones are classified based on

A

FUNCTION AND SHAPE

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

A

LONG BONES
SHORT BONES
FLAT BONES
SESAMOID BONES
PNEUMATIC BONES
IRREGULAR BONES

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16
Q

bones found in limbs that serve as supporting
columns and levers for the skeleton, assisting in body
support, locomotion, and eating

elongated, round
shaft with two ends

A

LONG BONES

FEMUR AND HUMERUS

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17
Q

cube-shaped bones that contain a spongy substance filled with
marrow spaces surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

reduce frcton and change the direction of tendons in the joint of a limb

A

SHORT BONES

knee and hock

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18
Q

relatively thin, long, and wide bones that contain two
plates of compact bone surrounded by spongy bone

protect vital organs

A

FLAT BONES

ribs, sternum, and scapula

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19
Q

flat and round bones that are located along the
course of tendons

pull

reduce frctn & change the direction of tendons/ the angle of muscle

A

SESAMOID BONES

kneecap, or patella

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20
Q

bones that contain air spaces (sinuses) which
are in contact with the atmosphere

A

PNEUMATIC BONES

Frontal and maxillary bones

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21
Q

bones that protect and support the central
nervous system

A

IRREGULAR BONES

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22
Q

serve as points of attachment for tendons and
ligaments

A

NON-ARTICULAR PROJECTIONS AND DEPRESSIONS

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23
Q

WHERE DO BONES GROW?

A

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

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24
Q

an increase in both
diameter and length of the bone

A

BONE GROWTH

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25
Q

produces new boney tissue that increases the
diameter of the bone

A

PERIOSTEUM

involved with repairing bone fractures

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26
Q

the epiphysial cartilage becomes
calcified, bony material

A

OSSIFICATION

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27
Q

PROCESS OF BONE FORMATION

A

OSTEOGENESIS

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28
Q

the parent cells of connective tissue, accomplish this process by
multiplying and secreting an enzyme called phosphatase

A

OSTEOBLASTS

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29
Q

causes some of the cells to mature and secrete
calcium salts for ossification

A

PHOSPHATASE

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30
Q

(mature bone cells) are surrounded by calcified
osteoid material

A

OSTEOCYTES

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31
Q

cells that secrete phosphatase which dissolves bone tissue, and increasing blood supply are responsible for bone re-absorption.

A

OSTEOCLASTS

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32
Q

bone-forming cells

A

OSTEOBLASTS

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33
Q

fibrin clot

A

CALLUS

34
Q

Types of Bone Fractures

A

SIMPLE FRACTURE
COMPOUND FRACTURE
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
EPIPHYSEAL FRACTURE
COMPLETE FRACTURE
COMMINUTED FRACTURE

35
Q

a broken bone
that does not puncture the skin

A

SIMPLE FRACTURE

36
Q

a broken bone that results in the bone protruding through the skin, making infections possible

A

COMPOUND FRACTURE

37
Q

one side of the bone is fractured and the other
side is bent

A

GREENSTICK FRACTURE

38
Q

a break in the bone that occurs at the juncture of the epiphysis (end) and diaphysis (shaft)

A

EPIPHYSEAL FRACTURE

39
Q

the bone is
broken completely across

A

COMPLETE FRACTURE

40
Q

the bone is broken into fragments due to
crushing or splintering

A

COMMINUTED FRACTURE

41
Q

three main types of joints

A

IMMOVEABLE JOINTS
SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS
FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

42
Q

joints that are filled with fibrous tissue early in life and ossify as the animal matures, making them immobile

A

IMMOVEABLE JOINTS

SKULL

43
Q

joints that allow limited movement
forward, backward, and sideways

have flattened discs of cartilage; gliding joints

A

SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS

joints of vertebral column; PELVIC BONE

44
Q

synovial joints, allow friction-free movement

A

FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

45
Q

bone surfaces are shaped to operate smoothly with the bones to which they connect

A

ARTICULAR SURFACES

46
Q

cartilage that
covers the articular surface and
absorbs concussions

A

Articular cartilage

47
Q

capsule that contains synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and allows for the friction-free movement

A

Joint capsule

48
Q

connective tissue
bands that connect bone to bone

A

LIGAMENTS

49
Q

moves in two
directions, flexion and extension

A

HINGE JOINTS

KNEE JOINTS

50
Q

move in slight
gliding motions between flat
surfaces

A

PLANE JOINTS

carpals or small cubeshaped bones in knee joint

51
Q

allows rotary motion

A

PIVOT JOINT

axis and atlas vertebra

52
Q

allows movement in almost all directions and is characterized by a spherical head on one bone fitting into a cup-shaped socket of the other bone

A

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT

HIP JOINT

53
Q

onsists of the bones that are either on the midline of the back or are attached to the bones of the midline, including the
skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

A

AXIAL SKELETON

54
Q

protects the brain, houses many of the sense organs, and
contains the beginnings of the digestive and respiratory systems

A

SKULL

55
Q

Many cranial and facial bones occur in pairs, one on each side of the head and are connected at joints called

A

SUTURES

56
Q

MAJOR BONES IN CRANIUM

A

OCCIPITAL BONES
PARIETAL BONES
FRONTAL BONES
ETHMOID BONES
SPHENOID BONES

57
Q

situated at the
back and lower part of the
cranium

A

OCCIPITAL BONE

58
Q

form the sides
and roof of the cranium

A

PARIETAL BONES

59
Q

serve as the origin
of horns in horned animals

A

FRONTAL BONES

60
Q

contains openings for olfactory nerves that are responsible for the sense of smell

A

ETHMOID BONES

61
Q

supports the
brain and pituitary gland

A

SPHENOID BONES

62
Q

contains eye sockets
that house and protect the eyes

A

ORBITAL SECTION

63
Q

two small, oblong
bones that form the “bridge” of the
nose

A

NASAL SECTION

64
Q

bones that support the teeth and provide muscle attachment for chewing and swallowing.

A

ORAL SECTION

65
Q

Vertebral Column

A

5 anatomical regions including
**cervical,
thoracic,
lumbar,
sacral, **
and coccygeal vertebrae

66
Q

neck area and allow for movement of the head

A

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

67
Q

thin, flat, curved bones that protect the heart, lungs, stomach,
spleen, and kidneys

A

RIBS

68
Q

ribs that are
attached to the sternum by cartilage

A

TRUE RIBS (STERNAL RIBS)

69
Q

ribs that do not connect directly to the sternum, but may
connect to the last sternal rib by cartilage

A

FALSE RIBS

70
Q

ribs that have no
connection to other ribs in the
sternum area

A

FLOATING RIBS

71
Q

several small bones (sternebrae) that fuse together as
animal ages to form the floor of the thoracic cavity

A

STERNEBRAE

72
Q

bone that forms the point of the hock and serves
as a lever for muscles that extend the hock

A

fibular tarsal

73
Q

two rows of tarsal bones in the hind leg that correspond
to the ankle in humans and are similar to the carpus in the front leg

A

tarsus

74
Q

the largest sesamoid bone in quadrupeds

A

patella

75
Q

the site of several hip and thigh
muscle attachments

A

femur

76
Q

a long bone that extends
from the hip joint to the stifle joint

A

femur

77
Q

ventral bones in the pelvis
that form the floor of the pelvic girdle

A

pubis

78
Q

the
rear points of the ischium bones are
called the

A

pin bones

79
Q

the front points
of the ilium bones are called the

A

hook bones

80
Q
A

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY MIDTERMS LEC (1 decks)

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