Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forens 3-4 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. A light – tight box chambered to the aperture enclosed in a shutter at the opposite end
    of which is the place where the sensitized material is located. (Delizo, 2015)
  2. A mechanical device that is used to form and record the rays of light (as reflected by
    the object) on the film inside the light tight box. (Pallista, 2019)
  3. A light tight (proof) box with a means of forming the image (Lens or Pinhole), with a
    means of holding sensitized material at one end (Film Holder); and with a means of
    controlling the amount of light needed to affect the film at the other end (Shutter).
A

Camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This refers to a simple design and construction, usually home –made
consisting of a box having a small aperture functioning as a lens at one end, the image
being projected on the film at the other end.

A

Pinhole camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This refers to a simple camera that is little more than a pinhole camera,
the pinhole is replaced by the lens to enable the photographer gather lighter to be
recorded

A

Box camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This refers to a darkened chamber or small building in which images
of outside objects are projected onto a flat surface by a convex lens in aperture.

Later, the
term referred to a darkened boxlike device in which images of external objects, received
through an aperture, as with a convex lens, are exhibited in their natural colors on a
surface.

A

Camera obscura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compact digital cameras literally allow
anyone to capture beautiful images by simplifying pointing the camera at the subject and
clicking the shutter.

Also known as a point-and-shoot camera, it is the most user-friendly
of all camera types.

A

Compact digital/shoot and point camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cameras take photos to the next
level of image quality.

This more “serious” type of camera is best known for delivering
remarkably sharp and spectacular images.

A

DLSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the latest professional cameras.

They are
basically more compact DSLRs without the internal mirror that reflects light onto the
sensor.

A

Mirrorless camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common action cameras like GoPro can fit of your hand, but they’re
some of the most durable and versatile types of digital cameras that offer very highresolution output.

A

Action camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two special surfaces capable of
forming an image.

A

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An adjustable mechanism that regulates the amount of light reaching the film
by varying the length of time. This is a control by which you can determine how long in
time the lens will remain open for light to be recorded on the film.

A

Shutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This refers to a tripled leg device which is adjustable to any reasonable
extension.

This can be used in holding the camera when the camera is bulky or when
using a shutter speed lower than one twenty five of a second (1/25), to prevent the
movement that will produce a blurred image in the photograph

A

Tripod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This refers to camera accessories that is attached to the shutter release
of the camera and used in releasing and closing the shutter to prevent accidental
movement of the camera during the exposure period especially when longer exposure is
made.

A

Cable release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This refers to flash bulbs or electric flash which synchronizes with the
opening and closing of shutter.

This is very effective to augment the adverse lighting
condition of the object(s) being photographed.

A

Flash units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This refers to a device used in determining the intensity of light that strike
the subject and affect the film inside the camera

A

Light meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This refers to a device used in photographing a minute object.

It is
attached to the lens board of the camera and the lens is attached to it when close –up
photography is necessary.

A

Extension tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This refers to a transparent medium which transmits and absorbs different
wavelength of lights usually made of glass or gelatine material placed in front of the
camera lens.

A

Filter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This refers to a device used to hold firmly the camera so as toprevent
the vibration or movement of the camera during the exposure period.

It is attached to the
body of the camera and sometimes the flash unit is attached to it.

A

Camera grip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This refers to a device used to eliminate some reflections of light which
might destroy the image cast of the object(s) especially when the light is coming from the
top or side position of the camera.

It is usually mounted in front of the lens barrel.

A

Lens hood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Four Important Controls in the Camera

A

Focusing control
Focusing ring
Aperture
Shutter speed control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

• These distances correspond to the distance from the camera to the subject.
• Use measuring device and actually measure the distance from the lens of the camera
to the subject.
• Whatever distance was measured will be the setting of the marker or pointer of focus

A

Focusing scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

• These are finely etched prisms which break up the image; they are brought together
as you focus.

A

Micro prism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This refers to two prisms that splits the image in half as you focus both
halves re-joins to form a clear image.

A

Split image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This refers to usually to compact a camera that is using a fixed
lens.

A

Co-incident-image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

• A ground glass is a matt glass. The whole of the image on this screen will
progressively become sharp.
• It is found at the back of the camera or in the case of modern, also coupled with the
view finder.
• The point of focus is where the image is sharpest.

A

Ground glass type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the distance between the nearest object and farthest object that
appears to be focus when the lens is focus on infinity

A

Depth of field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This refers to long lenses having less depth than short
lenses. The shorter the focal length of lens, the greater the depth of field

A

Focal length of the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This refers to the depth of field that is
directly proportional to distance. A subject at a greater distance will have greater of field
than close up subject. The closer the object focused on, the fuzzler everything else will be
or the less your depth of field will be.

A

Distance from camera to the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A wider aperture results in a shallow depth of field. It
can use this to keep either the foreground or the background out of focus while
maintaining the subject in focus. When changing the aperture setting, there will be in
need to adjust the shutter to maintain the correct exposure.

A

Aperture Setting or F – step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the maximum permissible within which the film may
be without exceeding the circle of confusion in order to produce the image sharp

A

Depth of Focus/Focal Range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

this control is utilized by manipulating the ASA/ISO or DIN dial
of the camera.

Basically, the shutter and the f/numbers are both
controlling the system of the rays of light that enters. However, the effects in making
photographs are different.

In an automatic setting camera, the camera has a sensor that
reads or determines the ASA number of the film loaded.

A

Film Speed Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

overlapping circle patches of light representing each patch of
light on the subject.

This circle of confusion represents unsharp images, but the human
eyes see them as acceptably sharp.

A

Circle of Confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

This is the nearest distance at which a lens is focused with a
given particular diaphragm opening which will give the maximum depth of field.

A

Hyperfocal Distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the speed or light gathering power of lens equal to theduration of
the focal length to the diameter of its lens pupil or the relative brightness of the image
produced by the lens as compared with the brightness of the object

A

Relative Aperture

34
Q

the view of the subject subtended by two lines emerging the corners
of the film extending to the center of the lens

A

Angle of view

35
Q

is a device that controls the quantity of light that passes through the lens.
• It is an iris type mechanism, which shrinks or grows in order to let in less or more
light.

A

Aperture

36
Q
  1. A disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of
    transforming an image.
  2. The eye of the camera is also the heart of the camera.
  3. A piece of transparent material made of glass or plastic with 2 opposite
    symmetrical surfaces or at least one curved surface
A

Lens

37
Q

composed of 1 lens

A

Simple lenses

38
Q

• A lens that is thicker at the middle than at the edge.
• It gathers light rays and refracts them to meet in a certain point

A

Convex lens (converging lens/positive lens)

39
Q

It is thicker at the edges than at the center; light rays passing through a
diverging lens are vent outward.

A

Concave Lens (diverging/negative lens)

40
Q

• It consists of two or more simple lenses fitted together.
• Simple lenses generally produce aberrated (imperfect) images which can be
corrected using compound lenses .

A

Compound lenses

41
Q

• the largest opening of the diaphragm that the light can pass
through.
• important in taking pictures in dim light

A

Lens speed

42
Q

A lens with larger maximum aperture (that is, a smaller f-number) is a fast lens
because it delivers more light intensity to the focal plane, allowing a faster
shutter speed

A

Fast lens

43
Q

A smaller maximum aperture (larger maximum f – number) is slow lens because
it delivers less light intensity and requires a slower shutter speed

A

Slow lens

44
Q

This refers to the size of the image produced by lens depend upon factors –
camera – to – subject and focal length. The lens collects the rays reflection from each point
and brings them into focus at the focal plane. The lens, however, does not focus the rays
into an exact point representing the original, but a small circle or blur called circle of
confusion.

A

Image size

45
Q

This refers to good lenses that are capable of reproducing circles of
confusion much smaller than 1/1000 of an inch. This permits the focal plane to be moved
forward or backward form the plane of critical focus to the point where the circles reach
1/1000 inch in diameter and the image begins to blur.

A

Depth of focus

46
Q

This allowable movement of the
focal plane is called

A

Depth distance

47
Q

This refers to the lens that is focused on an object at infinity, the
distance from the lens to the nearest object in sharp focus is called

A

Hyperfocal distance

48
Q

This refers to the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal
plane, when the lens is focused on infinity

A

Focal plane

49
Q

This refers to the point of convergence of the light rays

A

Real focus

50
Q

This refers to the point where diverging rays would meet if their
directions were reversed.

A

Virtual focus

51
Q

The distance between the lens (technically from its rear nodal point) and the focal
plane when the lens is focused on infinity

A

Focal length

52
Q

The size of the image formed by the lens.

A

Magnification

53
Q

• The amount of the scene shown on a given size of film.
• Classification of Lens Based on Focal Length

A

Angle of view

54
Q

• A lens with a focal length equal to the diagonal measure of the image area.
• By international standards, 50 mm.

• Lenses with focal lengths from 45 to 60 millimeters are normal lenses because they
produce an image that is approximately the same with the view angle of the human
eye which is 45 degrees

A

Standard or normal lens

55
Q

• It has a shorter focal length than the normal lens. Hence, it covers a picture angle of
60 to 90 degrees. It enables photographing a widely extended scene from a close
proximity or within a confined area.
• Increases the angle of view and thus reduces the size of the image compared to the
image formed by a normal lens.
• Captures all objects, both near and far in sharp focus;
• Have greater depth of field.
• Angle of view exceeds 75 degrees
• A lens with extreme wide angle.

A

Short – focal – lens or Wide Angle Lens

56
Q

• A lens with extreme wide angle.
• Characteristics of Fish Eye Lens
• It provides a field of view of 180 degrees or more.
• A 6 – millimeter fish – eye lens made by Nikon has a 220 – degree field of view that
produces a circular image on film, rather than the normal rectangular or square image

A

Fish eye lens

57
Q

• Lens with longer focal length that constrict the field of view and decrease the depth
of field while greatly magnifying the image. e.g. 85mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm etc.
• Characteristics of Long Focal Length
• Provides an enlarged image of an object.
• Allows you to take close – up shots while keeping your distance (reach out like
telescope) to provide greatly enlarged of a distant object.
• Provides shallow dept of field.

A

Long or Telephoto Lens or Narrow Angle

58
Q

• A special type of camera lens with variable focal length which can be adjusted
continuously by the movement of the variable focus lens.
• This lens allows quick adjustment to give a wider or narrower field of vision but
keeping the image in focus.

A

Zoom Lens

59
Q

a. The failure of light rays to focus properly after they pass through a lens or reflect
from a mirror.
b. The minute variations in lenses and mirrors, and because different parts of the light
spectrum are reflected or refracted by varying amounts.

A

Aberration

60
Q

• The focusing at different points of light rays passing through different parts of
spherical lens.
• This aberration occurs because light hitting the outer parts of the lens is bent more
sharply and comes to a focus sooner than that passing through the middle.

A

Spherical aberration

61
Q

• The failure of different colored light rays to focus after passing through a lens.
• The focusing of light of different colors at different points resulting in a blurred image.

A

Chromatic aberration

62
Q

• The inability of the lens to bring horizontal and vertical lines in the subject to the same
plane of focus in the image.
• Astigmatism occurs at the edge of the image; the image appears elliptical or crossshaped because of an irregularity in the curvature of the lens.

A

Astigmatism

63
Q

• It occurs when light falling obliquely on the lens and passing through different
circular zones is brought to a focus at different distances from the film plane.
• A spot of light appears to have a tail, rather like a comet.

A

Coma

64
Q

• The plane of sharpest focus becomes curved, not flat.
• It is caused by rays from the outer limits of the subject plane coming to focus nearer
to the lens than the axial rays.

A

Curvature of Field

65
Q

• causes the image of a straight line, at the edges of the field to bow in or out

A

Distortion

66
Q

Two types of distortion?

A

Pincushion distortion,
Barrel distortion

67
Q

• A result of double reflection from inner lens surfaces.
• It exhibits self as a misty hazy or cloudy semi circular path of light.

A

Flare or optical flare

68
Q

• Bright spot on the film caused by stray light from worn shiny parts of the lens such as
the stops, shutter, lens mount or from inside the camera itself.

A

Mechanical flare

69
Q

Most corrected lenses is coated with a substance which will reduce one type of flare
(optical) and which will also increase the optic’s ability to transmit light, thus
reducing light to loss

A

Light loss

70
Q

It can be reduced or eliminated by using the proper lens, shade places on the front of
the lens or shield.

A

Stray light

71
Q

• Each of this value represents one time the amount of light either more or less in
quantity.
• The flow of light into a camera can be controlled by aperture size just as the flow of
water into a glass can be controlled by the faucet setting.

A

Aperture size

72
Q

This refers to the time for which the shutter is held open during the
taking of a photograph to allow light to reach the film or imaging sensor (in a digital
camera). It regulates the amount of time that reaches the film. It is controlled by the
shutter speed dial.

A

Shutter speed

73
Q

Used to freeze motion

A

Fast shutter speed

74
Q

Used to emphasize motion

A

Slow shutter speed

75
Q

refers to filter on a box camera
usually made of thin metallic disc with an open slot which is made to pass in front of the
lens by spring.

A

Those Placed Before the Lens

76
Q

This refers to professional or portrait
cameras; consist of three metallic leaves which are kept by a spring.

A

Those Placed Behind the Lens

77
Q

This refers to a number of metals that
overlaps and arranged in a circle; these blades are opened and closed by pins on movable
ring.

A

Between the Lens Shutter

78
Q

– This refers to light tight overlapping curtains
containing a narrow slit which passes across the focal plane in front of the film. Driven by
a spring, this window moves across the film as it moves. The amount of light is controlled
by the speed of the curtain and the width of the slit. The amount itself – just in front of the
lens of the film, of focal plane rather than in the lens.

A

Focal plane shutter

79
Q

This refers to beach, marine and snow scenes; landscapes and
mountains without prominent dark object in the foreground.

A

Brilliant

80
Q

This refers to people in marine, beach or snow scenes with
foreground objects.

A

Bright

81
Q

This refers to nearby people, gardens, houses and scenes not in shades

A

Average

82
Q

This refers to subjects in the open (not under trees, porch, roof,
etc.).

A

Shaded

Forens 3-4 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions