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CT > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

……. Allows for continuous gantry rotation.

A

Slip ring

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2
Q

Tomo

A

Slice

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3
Q

Ring artifact shows in which CR generation

A

3rd

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4
Q

Rotating beam on a stationary detector is in which generation

A

4th

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5
Q

Three main components of CT system

A

Operating console
Computer
Gantry

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6
Q

The time from the end of imaging to the appearance of the image

A

Reconstruction time

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7
Q

Houses the x-ray tube, detector array slip rings, data acquisition system, and high-voltage generator

A

Gantry

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8
Q

What is the main cause of CT malfunction

A

Tube failure (overheating)

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9
Q

CT tube KVP

A

70-140 kvp

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10
Q

A grouping of detectors is called…

A

Detector array

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11
Q

Previously ……. Detectors were used. M DCT now require…… detectors

A

Gas filled
Scintillation

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12
Q

What does DAS stand for?

A

Data acquisition system

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13
Q

What is the function of DAS?

A

Amplifies the detector signal

Converts the analog signal to digital

Transmits the digital signal to the computer 

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14
Q

Collimation function

A

 Reduce patient does

Improve image contrast, while limiting scatter

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15
Q

What are two types of collimation?

A
  1. pre-patient 
  2. post patient
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16
Q

Which which one determines does profile: pre-patient or post patient collimation?

A

Pre-patient

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17
Q

Which one controls patient does?
Pre-or post collimation ?

A

Pre- collimation

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18
Q

What is the patient couch or table made out of

A

Carbon fiber, low atomic number

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19
Q

What is pitch in CT exam?

A

How fast patient goes through gantry.
Table movement / detector width 

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20
Q

If we increase the pitch what happens to patient does

A

It decreases

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21
Q

What happens if pitch is less than one

A

Overlap of information

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22
Q

DFOV stands for

A

Detector field of view

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23
Q

What does post patient collimation do?

A

Reduces scatter

Controls slice thickness

Defines sensitivity profile or a slice thickness

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24
Q

CT opening

A

Gantry aperture

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25
Q

Three steps in CT

A

Data acquisition.
Image reconstruction.
Image display.

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26
Q

Rotate rotate with fan beam . Which generation

A

3rd

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27
Q

What type of detector do we use

A

Scintillation

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28
Q

What measures photons and converts them to digital signal

A

DAS

Data Acquisition System

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29
Q

Ctdi stands for

A

Computed tomography dose  index

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30
Q

Describes the amount of radiation given off by the CT scanner doing a singular scan

A

CTDI

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31
Q

Does CTDI quantify patient does

A

No, it’s quantifies output of system

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32
Q

Unit of measurement for CTDI

A

mGy

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33
Q

What does D LP stands for?

A

Does length product

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34
Q

What is the DLP?

A

Describes the amount of radiation deposited in a patient during an exam 

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35
Q

An automatic exposure mechanism that adjusts tube output to compensate for differences in patient’s size

Calculated via the scouts image of

A

Automatic tube current modulation

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36
Q

Factors affecting dose in CT

A

MAS
KVP over 120
Pitch : higher pitch lower dose
Collimation : more collimation, less dose 

37
Q

What happens if patient is too high in the gantry?

A

Assumes patient is large and uses higher technique

38
Q

Patient in the center of the country is called….

A

Iso centric

39
Q

Ability to differentiate different densities on an image

A

Contrast resolution

40
Q

Measure of the size of a smallest object that can be visualized on an image. measured in line pairs.

A

Spatial resolution

41
Q

What effects spatial resolution?

A

Focal spot size
Pixel size
Detector size
Collimation

42
Q

Temporal resolution

A

Measurement of time speed of gantry rotation

Faster, a rotation, better temporal resolution

43
Q

CT scanners ability to resolve details on a moving object

A

Temporal resolution

44
Q

Picture element

A

Pixel

45
Q

Volume element

A

Voxel

46
Q

HU of air

A

-1000

47
Q

HU of fat

A

-100

48
Q

HU of water

A

0

49
Q

HU of CSF

A

0-10

50
Q

HU of Blood

A

55-75

51
Q

Hu of white matter

A

20-30

52
Q

HU of grey matter

A

55-75

53
Q

HU of calcium

A

200-1000

54
Q

Hu of metal

A

More than 1000

55
Q

What’s the range for HU

A

-1000 to +3000

56
Q

Window width controls ..,,,,

A

Image contrast

57
Q

Wider window width higher or lower contrast ?

A

Longer grey scale and lower contrast

58
Q

Small window higher or lower contrast

A

Less shades of grey more contrast

59
Q

Prospective image

A

The image created from the parameters you set up in your protocols

Scan all raw data

60
Q

Retrospective image

A

An image created by manipulating raw data, collected to change the appearance in your image, reconstruction, (image data)

61
Q

Mathematical process used to process a scan information into display image

A

Algorithm

62
Q

How can you show metal artifacts better in CT imaging?

A

Lower pitch, higher, KV

63
Q

An artifact caused by a scanning different tissue thickness is

A

Partial volume effects
Blurs edges of anatomy 

64
Q

How can we correct partial Valium affect?

A

By using thinner slices so bone and soft tissue are not on the same slice

65
Q

How often we scan water phantom ?

A

Daily

66
Q

How often QC for spatial and contrast resolution?

A

Monthly

67
Q

Four important items to check for the history of patient in CT

A
  1. Diabetes.
  2. Iodine allergy.
  3. Chance of pregnancy.
  4. Chronic kidney disease.
68
Q

Enteral means ?

A

Within or by way of intestine

Oral
Rectal
Ng tube

69
Q

Parenteral

A

Meds by injection, rather than orally
Intravenous
Intramuscular subcutaneous
Medication’s are absorbed more rapidly than oral

70
Q

Intrathecal

A

Performed post myelogram

71
Q

G.I. stand for

A

Gastro intestinal

72
Q

Is barium sulfate positive or negative contrast

A

Positive

73
Q

Is iodinated oral contrast, positive or negative

A

Positive

74
Q

Name two negative contrasts used for G.I. tract

A

CO2, air, water

75
Q

What is barium peritonitis?

A

Leaking of barium into the peritoneal cavity

76
Q

Examples of two water soluble iodinated oral contrast

A

Gastroview
Gastrografin

77
Q

 Phases of data acquisition

A

Arterial phase . 25 to 30 seconds after injection.
Venus phase 60 to 80 seconds after
Delete phase 92/300 seconds after injection

78
Q

Extravasation

A

Leakage of IV contrast into surrounding tissues

79
Q

What are the steps when extravasation happens?

A

Stop injection immediate
Cold compress, warm compress
Consult radiologist

80
Q

Normal levels of blood urea nitrogen or BUN

A

7 to 23 mg/dl

81
Q

Normal levels of creatinine

A

0.8 to 1.5 mg./dl

82
Q

No IV contrast in creatinine is above

A

2

83
Q

What level of GFR glomerular filtration rate is considered normal

A

Above 60

84
Q

What level of GFR is safe to use IV contrast?

A

40-60

85
Q

What do you do in case of it Contra’s reaction

A

Call Code if needed
Have crash carts available
Document reactions :
Progress of patient’s condition
Persons present
Drug given
Disposition of case 

86
Q

Medication used to counteract reactions or

A

Anti-histamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

87
Q

What medication do we use if patient has severe allergic reactions and doesn’t respond to antihistamines

A

Corticosteroids

88
Q

Medication which is used to counter act as severe allergic reaction such as shock or respiratory arrest

A

Epinephrine

CT (1 decks)

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