1 Flashcards
What are nucleotides
Monomeric units from which nucleic acids are built consisting of a Base, Sugar and a Phosphate
They are involved in nearly all biochemical processes
-cellular energy exchanges (ADP, ATP)
-second messengers (cAMP)
-coenzymes (NAD, FAD ,CoA)
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What are the functions of nucleic acids
- Direct synthesis of proteins
- Transmit genetic information
What bases are found in nucleic acids
Purine (6-5) and Pyrimidine (6)
Both Nitrogenous, aromatic heterocyclic rings
Types of purine bases
Adenine (NH2)
Guanine (NH2 and C=O)
Types of pyrimidines bases
Cytosine (NH2 and C-O)
Thymine (CH3, C=O, C=O)
Uracil (C=O, C=O)
What are nucleosides composed of
A base (ATGCU) and sugar
Ribonucleosides (ribose)
Deoxyribonucleosides (deoxyribose)
What is a phosphate ester of a nucleoside
A nucleotide
What are the ribonucleosides and their corresponding ribonucleotides
Ribonucleoside
Adenosine
Guanosine
Uridine
Cytidine
Ribonucleotide
Adenylate
Guanylate
Uridylate
Cytidylate
What are the deoxyribonucleosides and their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides
Deoxyribonucleoside
Deoxyadenosine
Deoxyguanosine
Deoxythymidine
Deoxycytidine
Deoxyribonucleotide
Deoxy adenylate
Deoxy guanylate
Deoxy thymidylate
Deoxycytidylate
What is ATP
Adenosine-5-triphosphate
Ribonucleotide
Main biological energy store
Produced in mitochondrion
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Adenosine -3,5-monophosphate
Ribonucleotide
Second messenger in action of many hormones
How does cAMP actr as a second messenger
- Hormone binds to the receptor in plasma membrane of cell
- Adenyl cyclase stimulated
- Increase in adenyl cyclase activity leads to increase cAMP inside the cell
- cAMP acts inside the cell to alter rate of one or more processes
