1 Flashcards
is the science which deals with the study of principles of photography and the
preparation of photographic evidence
Police photography
is the legal guiding principle.
no evidence, no case
the general rule in taking crime scene photographs
Take many photographs and select the best
is an art form as used by the pictorialist who may purposely make a photograph slightly
out of focus to create a mood.
Photography
the first camera
Camera obscura
He found that bitumen of Judea, a compound that hardens when exposed to light, could produce negatives
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
A forerunner to the earliest photographic process, invented by
Niepce in 1822. It entails using bitumen, a material that hardens and
becomes insoluble in light. He hoped to use this process to transfer images to be printed on apress.
Heliography
A French inventor, who, after collaborating with Niepce, devised the first practicable photographic process. Also known as the FATHER OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre
An early photographic process using silver coated, light-sensitive
metallic plates developed by mercury vapor.
Daguerreotype
The inventor of the positive-negative photographic process
William Henry Fox Talbot
He discovered that thiosulphate of soda, the chemical now referred as “Hypo”,would fix images on
photosensitive paper by stopping the chemical action of
silver salts.
Frederick William Herschel
The chemical, still in use and known as
Fixer / Sodium thiosulfate / Hypo
he invented a wet-plate collodion photography or wet-plate process now known as
Archerotype, by which finely detailed glass negatives
were produced
Frederick Scott Archer
is an early method for producing glass negatives. The procedure began with the
use of a sticky substance that could hold the silver that produces a photographic image
Collodion process
An English physician who took Archer’s discovery a step further with his “dry plate” process, which used an
emulsion or gelatin and silver bromide or a glass
plate.
Richard Leach Maddox
He introduced the Kodak box camera in 1888 with the promotional slogan “You press the button, we do the
rest
George Eastman aka. Mr. Kodak
An American inventor in 1947 , he invented
instant photography and introduced the first
Polaroid camera
, which produced a sepia
monochrome print in just 60 seconds
Dr. Edwin H. Land
Is a form of energy which
makes it possible to see. The radiant
energy that makes things visible.
Light
299 ,793 kilometers
per second or 186 ,000 miles per
second
Speed of Light
Electromagnetic radiation
that can be perceived by the normal,
unaided humaneye and has
wavelengths between 3 ,900 and 7 ,
700 angstroms
Visible
is only a tiny
fraction of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
Visible light
These are
radiations having a wavelength
between 400 -700
visible rays
These are
radiations having a wavelength
between 700 -
1 ,000 millimicrons or nanometer.
- It also referred to as heat rays or
heat wave.
Infrared rays
The two main sources of light
Natural light and Artificial Light
It refers to the
daylight coming from the sun, which
is in
general utilized for outdoor
photography.
Natural Light
Classification of daylight according to its intensity
Bright light
Hazy light
Dull light
A lighting condition
wherein objects in open space cast a
deep or
uniform shadow.
Bright light
A lighting condition
wherein the objects in open space
cast a transparent shadow.
Hazy light
A lighting condition
wherein the objects in open space
cast no
Shadow.
Dull light
It refers to
those lights, which are man-made.
Artificial light
The basic parts of camera
Light tight box
Lens
Shutter
Film holder
Viewfinder
The frame of the
camera in which all other parts are
mounted.
Light tight box
A medium which
converges or diverges light passing
through it to form
images.
Lens
The device that
regulates the amount of time that
light reaches the film.
Shutter
An essential part of
a camera which is designed to hold
the film in place at the back of the
camera so that the image produced
by the lens will be sharp over the
whole picture area.
Film holder
The optical window
used to view the subject being
photographed
View finder
Different types of camera
Single lens reflex (SLR) camera
Twin lens reflex (TLR) camera
Compact camera
Digital camera
View Camera
Polaroid camera
Spy camera
Infrared camera
Pinhole Camera
Disposable Camera
Cellphone Camera
is the ideal type
of camera available for police
photography due to its versatility,
compactness, and interchangeability
of camera lens
Single Lens Reflex Camera
The three basic controls of camera
Focusing control
Aperture
Shutter Speed
Three-legged device
used to support or hold the camera
duringexposure, particularly when
using a slower shutter speed.
Tripod
A flexible cable
that screws into the shutter release,
used to prevent camera movement
Cable Release
is a form of
photography that uses digital
technology to capture, store, and
transfer images.
Digital Photography
Is the process of photographing or
recording the crime scene or any
objects for
court presentation
Forensic photography
FUNCTIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN INVESTIGATIVE WORK
Identification
Communication and microfilm files
Evidence
Action of offenders
Court Exhibits
Crime prevention
Public Relations
Police Training
Reproduction and copying
This is done by simply soaking the film in water for 2 to 3 minutes while agitating the water
container for every 20 seconds.
Pre developing water rinse
The process of converting the exposed image on the film into actual image
Developing
The removal of the traces of the developer
as well as it helps in the removal of excess or undeveloped silver halides
stop bat
This is the final part of the processing cycle, which removes the residual chemicals and
soluble silver compounds from the emulsion and reveals the image
Washing
The most important chemical in
any developing agent.
Reducing Agent
The purposes of accelerators are
to energize the reducing agents
and they soften and swellthe
emulsion to permit the developer
to penetrate deeply and quickly.
Accelerators
The three kinds of accelerators
are
Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Borax
The commonly used preservative
Sodium sulfite
A developer for
prints. It produces a very high
contrast film
Type A (D-72)
It is suitable for
developing film exposed under
dull or hazy lighting conditions.
Type B (D-19)
The so called
“Normal Developer
. Used for
developing films exposed under
normal lighting conditions
Type C (D-50)
used to reduce
excessive lighting contrast
Type D (D-76)
Otherwise
known as “hypo” . It dissolves the
unexposed silver halides.
Sodium Thiosulfate
It is the accidental exposure of
film to light.
Fogging
Using three exposures with the
use of the manual control if in
doubt of the amount of light
appropriate for one shoot.
Bracketting
is the process
whereby light is transmitted
through the negative to produce a
like positive image
Printing
is made by
placing a sheet of printing paper
in direct contact with a negative ,
emulsion to emulsion
Contact Printing
the
negative image is projected onto
a photographic paper by meansof
enlarger machine
Projection Printing
