1 Flashcards
The big 5 personality model
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional stability
- Openness to experience
Extraversion
Comfort level with relationships
Agreeableness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting
Conscientiousness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
Emotional stability
A persons ability to withstand stress
Openness to experience
A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity and curiosity
The dark triad
Machiavellianism
Narcisissim
Psychopathy
Machiavellianism
The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance and believes that ends can justify means
Narcissism
The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement
Psychopathy
A lack of concern for others, and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause hard
Core self evaluation
The degree to which an individual likes or dislikes himself or herself, whether the person seems his elf or herself as capable and effective, and whether the person feels in control of his or her environment or powerless over the environment
Self monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behaviour to external, situational factors
Proactive personality.
people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs
Emotions component
Employees bring an emotional component with them to work every day. Anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust and surprise
Three related terms that help define human mental states
Affect
Emotions
Moods
Affect
A broad range of feelings that people experience
Emotions
Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something
Emotions
Intense feeling that are directed at someone or something
Moods
Feeling that tend to be less intense than emotions and lack a contextual stimulus. Also often last longer
Emotional labour
The requirement to express desired emotions at work.
Emotional intelligence
Assortment of non cognitive skills, capabilities and competencies that influence a persons ability to succeed in coping with environmental demand and pressures. Persons ability to be self aware
Perception
The process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions to give meaning to their environment
Factors influencing perception
Perceiver, target, situation
The perceiver
Influenced by experience, motives, and emotional state
The target
Characteristics of the target can affect what is being perceived
The situation
The context in which we see objects or events influences our attention
Perceptual errors
Flaws in perception due to mental shortcuts people make to simplify information that is processed
Attribution theory
Suggests how we explain someone’s behaviour by crediting either the situation or the persons distribution
Externally caused behaviour
Behaviours resulted from external factors
Internally caused behaviour
Those we believe to be under the personal control of the individual
Distinctiveness
How the persons behaviour varies from one situation to another. If a behaviour is distinct the observer will likely believe it ti be external while if it always happens it will be believed to be internal
Consensus
Does the individual act the same as others in the same situation
Consistency
Does the person act the same way over time
Bias
Prejudiced opinion applied in and unfair way to support or oppose a person or thing
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behaviour, to underestimate influence of external factors and overestimate internal factors.
Self serving bias
The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting blame for failures on external factors.
Selective perception
The process by which individuals perceive what they want to see based on personal interest, background behaviours, etc.
Halo effect
5 Draw a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic Draw a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic
Contrast effect
evaluation of a person’s characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered
Projection
Attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another.
Stereotyping
judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which that person belongs
Prejudice
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Values
the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live
Rokeach value survey
a survey that measures instrumental and terminal values
Culture
shared beliefs, values, rules, norms and traditions of a group.
Power distance
Degree to which societies accept the idea that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally
Individualism vs collectivism
Individualism is the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups. Collectivism emphasizes a tight social framework
Masculinity vs femininity
Masculinity is the degree to which the culture favours traditional masculine roles as opposed to viewing men and women as equals. A high femininity rating means the culture sees little differentiation between male and female roles and treats women as the equals of men.
Uncertainty avoidance
the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations
long term vs short term orientation
The degree of a societies devotion to traditional values. Short term accepts change better and values here and now
Indulgence vs restraint
Measures societies devotion to indulgence. Cultures that restraint indulgence need to control the gratification of needs.
GLOBE dimensions
Assertiveness, Future Orientation, Gender Differentiation, Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, in group collectivism, Performance Orientation, Humane Orientation
Assertiveness
the extent to which a society expects people to be confrontational and competitive as opposed to tender and modest
Future orientation
the extent to which a society encourages investment in the future, as by planning and saving
Gender differentiation
extent to which a society maximizes gender role differences
Uncertainty avoidance
Societies reliance on social norms and procedures to alleviate the unpredictability of future events
Power distance globe
The extent to which members of a society expect power to be unequally shared
Individualism vs collectivism globe
The extent to which individuals are encouraged by societal institutions to be integrated into groups within organizations and society
In group collectivism
Members in a society take pride in membership in small groups.
Ex family and close friends
Performance orientation
Society encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence.
Humane orientation
Society encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, generous, caring and kind to others.
Cultural intelligence provincial
They work best with people of similar background but have difficulty working with those from different background
Cultural intelligence analyst
They analyze a foreign cultures rules and expectations to figure out how to interact with others
Cultural intelligence natural
They use intuition rather than systematic study to understand those from other cultural background
Cultural intelligence ambassador
They communicate convincingly that they fit in, even if they do not know much about the foreign culture
Cultural intelligence mimic
They control actions and behaviours to match others, even if they do not understand the significance about the cultural cues observed
Cultural intelligence chameleon
They have high levels of all three CQ components. They could be mistaken as being from the foreign culture.
