1

Question 1

Upon being established as a scientific discipline in
1879, psychology is now considered as

Answer 1

the study
of human behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Psychodynamic Perspectives

Answer 2

past experiences, unconscious

Question 3

environment, responses

Answer 3

Behaviorist Perspective

Question 4

each person is unique, self-actualization

Answer 4

Humanistic Perspective

Question 5

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 5

Mental functions

Question 6

genetic factors, brain, hormones

Answer 6

Biological Perspective

Question 7

adaptation to evolutionary changes

Answer 7

Evolutionary Perspective

Question 8

• An American Philosopher and Psychologist
• The self is “the sum total of all that he can call his”

Answer 8

William James

Question 9

I - Self

Answer 9

•Pure ego
•The self that knows who he
or she is

Question 10

Me - Self

Answer 10

•Empirical self
•Person’s personal
experiences: material self,
social self, and spiritual self

Question 11

→All possessions that we call
“ours” or “mine”.
→Objects that bring intense
emotional feeling.
(Three constituents of the Me-self)

Answer 11

Material Self

Question 12

→Reputation in society
→How a person acts in social situations. We may also
have several social selves.
→James suggest that our need to be regarded favorably by
other people is an inherent part of human nature.
(Three constituents of the Me-self)

Answer 12

Social Self

Question 13

→The most intimate and important part of the self that
includes the person’s purpose, motives, emotions,
values, conscience, and moral behavior.
→ James believed that the path to understanding the
spiritual self is through introspection.

Answer 13

Spiritual Self

Question 14

(Spiritual Self)
James believed that the path to understanding the
spiritual self is through ________.

Answer 14

introspection

Question 15

(Social Self)
James suggest that our need to be regarded favorably by
other people is an inherent part of ______________.

Answer 15

human nature

Question 16

the belief that he or she can take on a certain
task successfully

Answer 16

Self-efficacy

Question 17

This theory asserts that human behavior can be
learned not only through one’s experiences but also through
the experiences of other people.

Answer 17

Social Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura

Question 18

is one who does
not live life passively but one who acknowledge
his or her capacity to shape one’s life

Answer 18

An agentic and proactive self

Question 19

Carl Rogers
→Another aspect of self-understanding is

Answer 19

Self Concept

Question 20

is defined as the aspects of the self that
are perceived in the awareness by the individual

Answer 20

Self Concept

Question 21

According to Rogers, human beings are always
striving for

Answer 21

Self-actualization

Question 22

Carl Rogers
• Real Self:
•Ideal Self:

Answer 22

• One’s perception of actual characteristics,
traits, and abilities.
• What one should or would like to be.

Question 23

• the child describes the “self” in terms of concrete and observable
characteristics.
• Physical attributes (I’m pretty, I’m tall)
• Material Possessions (I have many toys)
• Behaviors (I love playing with my dolls)
• Preferences (I like candies)

Answer 23

Early Childhood (0-8 years old)
(Harter’s Self-development Concept)

Question 24

• the self is described in terms of trait-like constructs.
→ I am friendly, shy, and patient

Answer 24

Middle to Later Childhood ( 9 - 11 years old)
(Harter’s Self-development Concept)

Question 25

→ the emergence of more abstract self-definition such as:
Inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and motives
→ the ability to construct higher-order abstractions and
the capacity for introspection.

Answer 25

Adolescence (15 – 19 years old)
(Harter’s Self-development Concept)

Question 26

→ the characteristic of “self” is having a vision of
a “possible self”.
→ the “age of possibilities

Answer 26

Emerging Adults
(Harter’s Self-development Concept)

Question 27

was found to be a time of
“grand dreams,” of being wealthy and having a glamorous
occupation

Answer 27

early emerging adult (ages 17-22 )

Question 28

beyond emerging adulthood (ages 28–33)

Answer 28

the visions of
a possible self became more realistic, if still optimistic