1 Flashcards
Upon being established as a scientific discipline in
1879, psychology is now considered as
the study
of human behavior and mental processes
Psychodynamic Perspectives
past experiences, unconscious
environment, responses
Behaviorist Perspective
each person is unique, self-actualization
Humanistic Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
Mental functions
genetic factors, brain, hormones
Biological Perspective
adaptation to evolutionary changes
Evolutionary Perspective
• An American Philosopher and Psychologist
• The self is “the sum total of all that he can call his”
William James
I - Self
•Pure ego
•The self that knows who he
or she is
Me - Self
•Empirical self
•Person’s personal
experiences: material self,
social self, and spiritual self
→All possessions that we call
“ours” or “mine”.
→Objects that bring intense
emotional feeling.
(Three constituents of the Me-self)
Material Self
→Reputation in society
→How a person acts in social situations. We may also
have several social selves.
→James suggest that our need to be regarded favorably by
other people is an inherent part of human nature.
(Three constituents of the Me-self)
Social Self
→The most intimate and important part of the self that
includes the person’s purpose, motives, emotions,
values, conscience, and moral behavior.
→ James believed that the path to understanding the
spiritual self is through introspection.
Spiritual Self
(Spiritual Self)
James believed that the path to understanding the
spiritual self is through ________.
introspection
(Social Self)
James suggest that our need to be regarded favorably by
other people is an inherent part of ______________.
human nature
the belief that he or she can take on a certain
task successfully
Self-efficacy
This theory asserts that human behavior can be
learned not only through one’s experiences but also through
the experiences of other people.
Social Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura
is one who does
not live life passively but one who acknowledge
his or her capacity to shape one’s life
An agentic and proactive self
Carl Rogers
→Another aspect of self-understanding is
Self Concept
is defined as the aspects of the self that
are perceived in the awareness by the individual
Self Concept
According to Rogers, human beings are always
striving for
Self-actualization
Carl Rogers
• Real Self:
•Ideal Self:
• One’s perception of actual characteristics,
traits, and abilities.
• What one should or would like to be.
• the child describes the “self” in terms of concrete and observable
characteristics.
• Physical attributes (I’m pretty, I’m tall)
• Material Possessions (I have many toys)
• Behaviors (I love playing with my dolls)
• Preferences (I like candies)
Early Childhood (0-8 years old)
(Harter’s Self-development Concept)
• the self is described in terms of trait-like constructs.
→ I am friendly, shy, and patient
Middle to Later Childhood ( 9 - 11 years old)
(Harter’s Self-development Concept)
