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VCP-DCV for vSphere 7.x (2V0-21.20) > 1/14: vSphere Overview, Components, and Requirements > Flashcards

1/14: vSphere Overview, Components, and Requirements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five areas or diminsions of a solution architecture?

A

Availability

Managability

Performance

Recoverability

Security

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2
Q

What is definition of VMware’s Software Defined Datacenter (SDDC)?

A

SDDC includes compute virtualization (vSphere), network virtualization (NSX), and software-defined storage (vSAN or vVols) to deliver abstraction, pooling, and automation of the compute, networking, and storage infrastructure services. It includes vRealize Automation and vRealize Operations to deliver policy-based automated management of the data center, services, and applications.

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3
Q

What are the five layers of VMware’s datacenter virtualization (DCV) solution architecture?

A

Virtual Datacenter Management

Virtual Machine

Compute

Network

Storage

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4
Q

The Platform Services Controller Administration publication has been replaced with what new documentation?

A

vSphere Authentication publication

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5
Q

Describe the ESXi 7.0 boot device storage partitions?

A

System boot - Stores boot loader and EFI modules

Type: FAT16

Boot-banks (x2) - System space to store ESXi boot modules

Type: FAT16

ESX-OSData - Provides legacy “/scratch” partition functionality, locker partition for VMware Tools, and core dump destination

Type: VMFS-L

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6
Q

Describe the datasets that reside on ROM and RAM portions of the ESX-OSDATA partition?

A

ESX-OSData is new partition to store ESXi configuration, system state, and system or agent virtual machines.

The OSData partition is divided into two sections:

ROM-data

RAM-data

ROM-data is NOT read/only as a name can implied, but it is a section for data written to the disk infrequently like VMtools ISOs, ESXi configurations, core dumps, etc.

RAM-data is for frequently written data like logs, VMFS global traces, vSAN EPD and traces, and live system state files.

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7
Q

What is the default capacity size of the ESX-OSDATA partition?

A

Official support for specifying the size of ESX-OSData has been added to the release of ESXi 7.0 Update 1c

New ESXi kernel boot option called systemMediaSize which takes one of four values [4]:

min = 25GB

small = 55GB

default = 138GB (default behavior)

max = Consumes all available space

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8
Q

What is the acronym DCUI abbreviation of?

A

Direct Console User Interface

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9
Q

What are the no execute CPU BIOS indicator settings for varying processor manufacturers?

A

AMD No eXecute (NX)

Intel eXecute Disable (XD)

ARM eXecute Never (XN)

A method for specifying areas of memory that cannot be used for execution. Supported by the CPU’s virtual memory function, the bit is a flag (an indicator) in a virtual memory page. It can be used to isolate memory for storage versus instructions, as well as a security measure to ensure that malware instructions are not executed in memory areas where only data are expected to reside.

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10
Q

What is the minimum storage requirements for an ESXi 7.0 boot disk?

A

Installing ESXi 7.0 requires a boot device that is a minimum of 8 GB for USB or SD devices, and 32 GB for other device types.

When booting from a local disk, SAN or iSCSI LUN, a 32 GB disk is required to allow for the creation of system storage volumes, which include a boot partition, boot banks, and a VMFS-L based ESX-OSData volume.

The ESX-OSData volume takes on the role of the legacy /scratch partition, locker partition for VMware Tools, and core dump destination.

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11
Q

What is the minimum number of CPU cores required for ESXi 7.0?

A

At least two (2) CPU cores

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12
Q

What are the minimum network interface requirements for ESXi 7.0?

A

One or more Gigabit or faster Ethernet controllers.

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13
Q

What CPU BIOS settings must be enabled for the installation of ESXi 7.0?

A

AMD’s No eXecute (NX)

Intel eXecute Disabled (XD)

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14
Q

What additional storage requirements and limits are imposed in support of deploying VMs with ESXi 7.0?

A

SCSI disk or a local, non-network, RAID LUN with unpartitioned space for the virtual machines.

For Serial ATA (SATA), a disk connected through supported SAS controllers or supported on-board SATA controllers. SATA disks are considered remote, not local. These disks are not used as a scratch partition by default because they are seen as remote.

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15
Q

What hardware CPU virtualization feature must be enabled to support 64-bit VMs on x64 CPUs?

A

To support 64-bit virtual machines, support for hardware virtualization (Intel VT-x or AMD RVI) must be enabled on x64 CPUs.

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16
Q

True or False? Does ESXi enable a roll back to an earlier version of ESXi after upgrading?

A

FALSE - ESXi does NOT enable a roll back to an earlier version after upgrading.

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17
Q

How many vCPUs are supported by Fault Tolerance (FT) in both the STD and ENT+ editions of ESXi 7.0?

A

Standard: Two (2) vCPUs

Enterprise Plus: Eight (8) vCPUs

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18
Q

What is the acronym VIB an abbreviation of?

A

vSphere Installation Bundle

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19
Q

What is the minimum memory requirements for ESXi 7.0?

A

ESXi 7.0 requires a minimum of 4 GB of physical RAM.

Provide at least 8 GB of RAM to run virtual machines in typical production environments.

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20
Q

Describe the SSO Administration Server service?

A

The administration server allows users with administrator privileges to vCenter Single Sign-On to configure the vCenter Single Sign-On server and manage users and groups from the vSphere Client. Initially, only the user administrator@ your_domain_name has these privileges. You can change the vSphere domain when you install vCenter Server. Do not name the domain name with your Microsoft Active Directory or OpenLDAP domain name.

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21
Q

What are the major services that comprise vCenter Single Sign-On (SSO)?

A

Security Token Service (STS)

Administrator Server

VMware Directory Service (vmdir)

Identity Management Service

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22
Q

Describe the Identity Management Service component of the vCenter Single Sign-On (SSO)?

A

Handles identity sources and STS authentication requests.

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23
Q

Describe the Security Token Service (STS) component of the vCenter Single Sign-On (SSO)?

A

The STS service issues Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) tokens.

These security tokens represent the identity of a user in one of the identity source types supported by vCenter Server.

The SAML tokens allow interactive, scripted, and service users (including solution users) who authenticate successfully to vCenter Single Sign-On to use any vCenter service that vCenter Single Sign-On supports without authenticating again to each service.

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24
Q

Describe the Directory Service (vmdir) component of the vCenter Single Sign-On (SSO)?

A

A VMware Directory Service (vmdir) is associated with the domain you specify during installation and is included in each vCenter Server deployment.

This service is a multi-tenanted, peer-replicating directory service that makes an LDAP directory available on port 389.

It also stores and manages vCenter Single Sign-On user accounts and passwords, which are secured by the SHA-512 hashing algorithm.

The VMware Directory Service stores not only vCenter Single Sign-On information but also certificate information.

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25
Q

What is the default vCenter Single Sign-On (SSO) domain name?

A

vsphere.local

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26
Q

What is the URL for VMware communities website?

A

http://communities.vmware.com

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27
Q

What is the URL for VMware’s vSphere and other product offering documentation?

A

http://docs.vmware.com

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28
Q

What is the URL for the website that provides vSphere hardware compatibility information?

A

http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility

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29
Q

What is the URL for VMware’s product configuration maximums website?

A

http://configmax.vmware.com

30
Q

What is the URL for VMware ports and protocols reference website?

A

http://ports.vmware.com

31
Q

What is the URL for the VMware support website?

A

http://www.vmware.com/support

32
Q

What is VAMI an abbreviation for?

A

vCenter Appliance Management Interface

33
Q

What is the port number for the vCenter appliance management interface (VAMI)?

A

https:// IP or FQDN : 5480

34
Q

What editions of vCenter Server either support or do not support the vCenter High Availability (VCHA) feature?

A

Only vCenter Server Standard supports VCHA

vCenter Server Essentials, Essentials Plus, and Foundation do NOT support VCHA

35
Q

True or False? Two vCenter Standard licenses are required to enable vCenter High Availability - one for the active vCenter and a second entitlement for the passive vCenter.

A

False - A single vCenter Standard provides entitlement for the active vCenter, passive vCenter, and witness vCenter.

36
Q

What is the maximum latency supported between the active and passive nodes within a vCenter High Availability (VCHA) deployment?

A

Less than 10 ms latency

37
Q

What are the two required networks that must be configured to enable vCenter High Availability (VCHA)?

A
  1. Management Network
  2. vCenter High Availability Network (or replication network)

NOTE: The vCenter HA or replication network must be on different subnet than the management network.

38
Q

True or False? All deployment sizes of the VCSA are supported and configurable within an HA setup?

A

FALSE - The “tiny” deployment size is NOT supported for HA enablement.

A “small: deployment size or bigger is required for enablement of an VCSA high availability setup.

39
Q

What is simple goal or purpose of VMware vCenter Server?

A

VMware vCenter Server acts as a centralized administration control plane for ESXi hosts and virtual machines that are connected within a network.

40
Q

What are the two methods for backing up the vCenter Appliance?

A

Scheduled file based backups enabled via the vCenter Management Appliance Interface (VAMI)

or

Image based baackup via third party backup products and the VADP APIs

41
Q

What protocols are supported for vCenter file-based backup and restore?

A

FTP

FTP-SSL (FTPS)

HTTP

HTTPS

SSH FTP (SFTP)

NFS

SMB

42
Q

What are the three (3) fundamental or core components of the vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) package?

A

VMware Photon OS (Linux)

PostgreSQL Database

vCenter Server Services

43
Q

What is the primary benefit of Enhanced Link Mode?

A

Enablement to log in to all linked vCenter Server systems simultaneously and manage the inventories of all the linked systems. Enhanced Link Mode enables the replication of roles, permissions, licenses, and other key data across the linked systems.

44
Q

What editions of vCenter Server (VCSA) support or do NOT support Enhanced Link Mode?

A

vCenter Server Standard - YES

vCenter Server Foundation - NO

vCenter Server Essentials or Essentials Plus - NO

45
Q

What is the maximum number of vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) instances that can be linked togeather by using Enhanced Link Mode?

A

15

46
Q

True or False - vCenter Server Enhanced Link Mode requires all linked vCenter to be part of the same Single Sign-On (SSO) domain?

A

True

47
Q

What network port number does vCenter Server leveage for all communications between the client, server, and ESXi hosts?

A

Port 443 with data transmission encryption via Transport Layer Security (TLS).

TLS is the successor and enhanced version of Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The acyromns SSL and TLS are leveraged interchanably.

48
Q

Describe the two phases of a VCSA restore leveraging the VCSA file backup and restore process?

A

You can use the vCenter Server appliance GUI installer to restore a vCenter Server to an ESXi host or a vCenter Server instance.

The restore procedure has two stages.

The first stage deploys a new vCenter Server appliance. The second stage populates the newly deployed vCenter Server appliance with the data stored in the file-based backup.

49
Q

What are the number of CPUs, Memory, Hosts or VM capabilities of a VCSA Large Environment?

A

16 CPUs, 37GB of Memory, 1000 Hosts or 10,000 VMs

NOTE: If you want to have an ESXi host with more than 512 LUNs or 2,048 paths, you should deploy a large or XL VCSA.

50
Q

What vCenter Server (VCSA) environment size is based upon:

16 CPUs, 37GB of Memory, 1000 Hosts or 10,000 VMs

A

VCSA Large Environment

51
Q

What are the number of CPUs, Memory, Hosts or VM capabilities of a VCSA Medium Environment?

A

8 CPUs, 28GB of Memory, 400 Hosts or 4000 VMs

52
Q

What vCenter Server (VCSA) environment size is based upon:

8 CPUs, 28GB of Memory, 400 Hosts or 4000 VMs

A

VCSA Medium Environment

53
Q

What are the number of CPUs, Memory, Hosts or VM capabilities of a VCSA Small Environment?

A

4 CPUs, 19GB of Memory, 100 Hosts or 1000 VMs

54
Q

What vCenter Server (VCSA) environment size is based upon:

4 CPUs, 19GB of Memory, 100 Hosts or 1000 VMs

A

VCSA Small Environment

55
Q

What are the default storage allocation sizes for a tiny, small, medium, large, and x-large VCSA deployment?

A

Tiny: 315 GB

Smal: 380 GB

Medium: 600 GB

Large: 965 GB

X-Large: 1,705 GB

NOTE - There are additional options for deploying with large or x-large storage allocations!

56
Q

What are the number of CPUs, Memory, Hosts or VM capabilities of a VCSA Tiny Environment?

A

2 CPUs, 12GB of Memory, 10 Hosts or 100 VMs

57
Q

What vCenter Server (VCSA) environment size is based upon:

2 CPUs, 12GB of Memory, 10 Hosts or 100 VMs

A

VCSA Tiny Environment

58
Q

What are the number of CPUs, Memory, Hosts or VM capabilities of a VCSA X-Large Environment?

A

24 CPUs, 56GB of Memory, 2,000 Hosts or 15,000 VMs

NOTE: If you want to have an ESXi host with more than 512 LUNs or 2,048 paths, you should deploy a large or XL VCSA.

59
Q

What vCenter Server (VCSA) environment size is based upon:

24 CPUs, 56GB of Memory, 2,000 Hosts or 15,000 VMs

A

VCSA X-Large Environment

60
Q

Is the vSphere Web Client available with vSphere 7?

A

No, the flash-based vSphere Web Client leveraged in previous versions of vSphere has been deprecated and is no longer available. The new client leveraged with vSphere 7 is the vSphere Client (HTML5)

61
Q

What browsers are supported for use with the vSphere Client (HTML5)?

A

Windows: MS Edge, MS Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome

Mac: Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome

62
Q

What is the name of the native and included web based interface provided by each ESXi host?

A

vSphere Host Client (connection to ESXi host)

vs

vSphere Client (connection to VCSA)

63
Q

List the main three primary vSphere add-on products (major enhancements to ESXi) that enable the basis of VCF?

A

vSAN

NSX

vRealize Suite

64
Q

What are the major hardware and software components of a vSphere 7.0 topology?

A

vCenter Server

ESXi Hosts

IP Networks

Storage Networks and Arrays

Management Clients

65
Q

What are two examples of optional vSphere components that require additional virtual appliances?

A

vSphere Replication

vCenter Server (VCSA) High Availability

66
Q

Name the two installable VMware products that are the core components of a vSphere environment?

A

vCenter Server

&

ESXi Server

67
Q

List the availability features of vSphere 7.0?

A

High Availability (HA)

Proactive High Availability

Fault Tolerance

vMotion

Storage vMotion

vSphere Replication

vCenter (VCSA) High Availability

vCenter (VCSA) Backup & Restore

68
Q

What are the four major licensing construct editions of vSphere 7.0?

A

Licensed by CPU upto 32 cores per CPU:

vSphere 7.0 Standard

vSphere 7.0 Enterprise Plus

Licensed per VM:

vSphere Desktop Edition (for VDI deployments)

vSphere Remote Office Branch Office (for remote sites)

69
Q

List the managability or simplified operations features of vSphere 7.0?

A

vSphere Lifecycle Manager (vLCM)

vCenter Server Profiles

vCenter Server Update Planner

Content Library

APIs for Storage Awareness

Storage APIs for Array Integration, Multipathing

Distributed Virtual Switch (vDS)

Host Profiles and Auto Deploy

Virtual Volumes

70
Q

List the performance features of vSphere 7.0?

A

Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)

Storage DRS

Storage Based Policy Management (SBPM)

IO Controls (Storage & Network)

vSphere Persistent Memory

Dynamic DirectPath IO

NVIDIA GRID vGPU

71
Q

List the intrinsic security features of vSphere 7.0?

A

Identity Federation with ADFS

vSphere Trust Authority

TPM 2.0 Support & Virtual TPM

FIPS 140-2 Compliance & TLS 1.2 Support

Virtual Machine Encryption

vShield Endpoint

72
Q

What are the four vSphere user interfaces?

A

vSphere Client (HTML 5)

vSphere Host Client (HTML 5)

ESXCLI

PowerCLI

VCP-DCV for vSphere 7.x (2V0-21.20) (14 decks)

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