1/14/2016 Physiology II Final

Question 1

Describe the degree of convergence and divergence from one human neuron to another.

Answer 1

Immense degree. Most cortical neurons are a site of converging input from multiple neurons and source of diverging output to multiple neurons.

Question 2

Most ares of the cortex neither respond in an obvious way to:

Answer 2

Simple sensory
Nor produce movements when electrically

This is where we get the idea “humans only use 10% of brain”

Question 3

Humans have a larger cortex. (T or F)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Why are humans better in making effective response to the environment?

Answer 4

Good ability to store and process sensory information

Question 5

Bigger the cell body, _____________

Answer 5

Longer the axon

Question 6

Apparent layers

Answer 6

With a missing dividing layer, like layers will merge and form a single layer
Example: “6 layers - 1 certain layer = 4 layers”

Question 7

Layer I

Answer 7

Molecular layer (mostly axons)

Question 8

Layer II

Answer 8

External Granular layer (granule [stellate] cells)

Question 9

Layer III

Answer 9

External Pyramidal layer (primary pyramidal cells)

Question 10

Layer IV

Answer 10

Internal Granule Layer (main granular cell layer)

Question 11

Layer V

Answer 11

Internal pyramidal layer (dominated by giant pyramidal cells)

Question 12

Layer VI

Answer 12

Multiform layer (all types of cells-pyramidal, stellate, fusiform)

Question 13

Right hemisphere of the brain

Answer 13

“In the moment” Parallel thinking

Question 14

Left hemisphere of brain

Answer 14

“All about the past, all about the future” organizes the information, calculates the information, “I am”

Question 15

Three major cell types of cerebral cortex

Answer 15

Pyramidal, granule, and fusiform cells

Question 16

Pyramidal cells

Answer 16

Source of corticospinal projections

Major efferent cell

Question 17

Granule cells

Answer 17

Short axons that function as interneurons (intramembranous cortical processing), excites neurons to release primary glutamate, and inhibits neurons release of primary GABA

Question 18

Fusiform cells

Answer 18

Least numerous of the cerebral cortex cell types

Gives rise to output fibers from cortex

Question 19

Most output of cerebral cortex leaves via ____________.

Answer 19

Layer V - spinal cord tracts originate

Layer VI - Thalamic connections