Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paper 3 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Structure and function starch

A

Alpha glucose
Amylose 1-4 gyclosidic bonds
Amylopectin 1-4,1-6 glycosidic bonds
Insoluable - doesn’t affect water potential
Large molecule can’t leave cell
Highly branched - large SA
Hellical so compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure and function of glycogen

A

Alpha glucose
1-4,1-6 glycosidic bond
Insoluble
Highly branched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

Has a double C=C bond between carbon atoms in hydrocarbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Properties triglycerides

A
  1. Doesn’t affect water potential- large and hydrophobic so insol
  2. Low mass - lot can be stored without increasing mass
  3. High ratio oxygen hydrogen atoms = metabolic water source
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Temperature effect enzyme

A

To low = not enough kenetic energy
To high = denature enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ph effect enzymes

A

Break ionic hydrogen bonds
Change tertiary structure
Active site diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Semi conservative rep

A
  1. Strands seperate
  2. Dna helicase unwinds by breaking h bonds
  3. Both stands = template
  4. Free nucleotides attach
  5. Comp bases A-T C-G
    6 DNA polymerase joins adjacent nucleotides form phosphodiester bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ATP key properties

A
  1. Phosphorlate compounds
  2. Resleased small packets prevent loss
  3. Released instantaneously
  4. Easily resynthasied
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Optical vs electron

A

Light beam vs electron
Poor resolution vs high
Low magnification vs high
Colour vs black and white
Living vs non living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TEM vs SEM

A

2D vs 3D
Higher resolution vs lower
Thin specimens vs not thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell fractionation

A
  • cell broken down seperate organelles
  • using blender
  • homogenisation cells kept in cold (reduce enzyme activity) isotonic (water potential no bursting) buffer (ph) solution
  • filter to remove large debris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ultracentrifugation

A
  • solution in cebtrifuge spins at high speed separate organelles on density
  • NCMLER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transcription

A
  1. Hydrogen bonds break
  2. One stand = template
  3. Rna nucleotides align next to comp base
  4. C-G U-T
  5. Rna polymerase joins nucleotides
  6. Phosphodiester bonds
  7. Splice introns (eukaryotic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Translation

A
  1. Mrna bind ribosome
  2. Anticodon trna comp codon on mrna bind
  3. Trna bring specific amino acid
  4. Amino acid join by peptide bonds
  5. Using atp
  6. Trna released
  7. Ribosome moves along mrna to form polypeptide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two diff between mitosis and meiosis

A

One division vs two
Identical cell vs not identical
No crossing over vs is
No independent seg vs is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense become visible
Nuclear envelope disinter-grate

17
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align along equator of cell
Spindle fibres released from poles attach centromere

18
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibres shorten split centromere pull chromatids to opposite cell poles

19
Q

Telephase and cytokinesis

A

Spindle fibres disintegrate
Nucleus reforming
Cytoplasm split
Two new identical cells

20
Q

Active transport

A

Low conc to high conc
Use atp and carrier protiens - act as pumps move substances across membrane

21
Q

Co transport glucose and amino acid

A
  1. Na+ ions AT out epithelial cells to capillaries
  2. Reduces Na+ conc of epithelial cells
  3. Na+ ions diffuse lumen down conc gradient to epithelial cells
  4. Na+ diffuse via co transport proteins glucose or amnio also attached
  5. Transported to epithelial cells against conc gradient
  6. Glucose moves via FD from epithelial cell to blood
22
Q

Hiv replication

A

Attatches to CD4 protein on T helper cell
HIV capsule fuses T helper cell membrane
Rna enters
Reverse transcriptase copies viral rna into dna copy moves T helper nucleus
Mrna transcribed and helper T cell starts create viral proteins

23
Q

Human ventilation

A

Inhale
- external intercostal muscle contract pull rib up and out
- internal, relax
- diaphragm contracts and flattens
- lung vol increases
- air moves into lung atsmopheric pressure is higher than in thorax

24
Q

Xerophytic plants adaptation

A

Curled leaves - trap moister increase humidity
Hairs trap moisture to increase local humidity
Longer root network to reach more water

25
Q

Lipase action

A

Hydrolyses ester bonds between monoglycerides and fatty acids

26
Q

How are molecules absorbed into ileum despite negative concentration gradient

A

Co transport

27
Q

Fish adaptation

A

Large Sa:V for diffusion via many gill lamella
Short diffusion distance - capillary network
Countercurrent mechanism to maintain conc gradient

28
Q

Two types of lipid digestion

A
  1. Physical (emulsification)
  2. Chemical (lipase)
29
Q

What is physical digestion lipid

A

Lipid coated in bile salts
Emulsification
Many small droplets = large SA for faster hydrolysis by lipase

30
Q

Human impact biodiversity

A

Selective breeding
Over grazing
Destruction hedgegrowns

Paper 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions