1

Question 1

Transfer to a solid support

Answer 1

Element two of WB

Question 2

USed in research to separate and identify proteins

Answer 2

Western blot

Question 3

Separation by size

Answer 3

Element one of WB

Question 4

Marking target protein with antibodies

Answer 4

Element three of WB

Question 5

Prevents antibodies from binding to membrane nonspecifically

Answer 5

Blocking

Question 6

Confirm the identity of the protein and activity of the antibody

Answer 6

positive control

Question 7

Null cell line used to confirm that the staining is not nonspecific

Answer 7

negative control

Question 8

Slightly acidic with lower acrylamide concentration to make a porous gel to separate proteins poorly but allows them to form thin, sharply defined bands

Answer 8

Stacking gel

Question 9

Basic with high polyacrylamide making the gels pores narrower

Answer 9

Separating gel

Question 10

USes electric field oriented perpendicular to the surface of the gel causing proteins to move out of the gel and onto the membrane

Answer 10

Transfer

Question 11

High affinity for protein and its retention abilities. Brittle and doesn’t allow the membrane to be used for reprobing

Answer 11

Nitrocellulose membrane

Question 12

Important for minimizing background and removing unbound antibodies

Answer 12

Washing

Question 13

Detects the protein of interest, Monoclonal or polyclonal

Answer 13

Primary antibody

Question 14

Binds to conserved regions on the primary antibody and acts to amplify the signal, increasing detection sensitivity. Labeled with either an enzyme for colorimetric or chemiluminescent detection

Answer 14

Secondary antibody

Question 15

A chemical reaction in which an enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of a chemical substrate, and the reaction produces light as a byproduct.

Answer 15

Chemiluminescent

Question 16

Primary or secondary antibody labeled with fluorescent molecule excitable by light

Answer 16

Fluorescence detection

Question 17

RNA is transcribed into complementary DNA by reverse transcriptase from total or messenger RNA. cDNA is used as a template for qPCR reaction

Answer 17

RT-qPCR

Question 18

RT and PCR are performed separately with optimized buffers, reaction conditions, and priming strategies

Answer 18

Two step RT-qPCR

Question 19

OFten used due to disadvantages for template of RT such as fewer purification steps to ensure more quantitative recovery, better normalization, and it avoids enrichment steps

Answer 19

Total RNA

Question 20

Standardized nuclei extraction by sonication, followed by intranuclear enzymatic chromatin cutting and barcode ligation

Answer 20

RELACS step

Question 21

Assay for transposable accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing, a method for mapping chromatin accessibility genome wide

Answer 21

ATAC-seq

Question 22

Quantify DNA concentrations from multiple samples by analyzing fluorescent signal intensities that are proportional to the amount of amplicon after completing chip assay and sample purification

Answer 22

ChIP-qPCR

Question 23

Starts with crosslinking of DNA protein complexes, then samples are fragmented and treated with exonuclease to trim unbound oligonucleotides. Protein-specific antibodies are used to immunoprecipitate the DNA-protein complex. DNA is extracted and sequenced

Answer 23

ChIP-seq basis

Question 24

Better mechanical support and allows the blot to be reprobed and stored. Background is higher and requires careful washing

Answer 24

PVDF membrane

Question 25

Enzyme used to amplify the signal in photometric assays through catalyzing the conversion of chromogenic or chemiluminescent substrates for the detection of targets

Answer 25

Harseradish peroxidase

Question 26

Combines RT and PCR in a single tube and buffer using RT along with DNA polymerase. Utilizes specific primers

Answer 26

One step Rt-qPCR

Question 27

More sensitivity for template of reverse transcriptase

Answer 27

mRNA

Question 28

Stretch of thymine residues that anneal to the poly A tails of mRNA

Answer 28

OligodTs

Question 29

Enzyme that makes DNA from RNA. Want a high thermal stability

Answer 29

Reverse transcriptase

Question 30

1. Predenaturation if RNA template has a high degree of secondary structure
2. Primer extension
3. cDNA synthesis makes complement DNA strand to the mRNA template
4. Reaction termination prevents qPCR inhibition by active reverse transcriptase

Answer 30

cDNA synthesis

Question 31

Barcoding method to enable high throughput ChIP_seq using common molecular biology techniques. Restriction enzyme-based labeling of chromatin in situ

Answer 31

RELACS

Question 32

Identifying genome wide DNA binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins

Answer 32

ChIP-seq

Question 33

DNA binding dye that drastically increases fluorescence when bound to double-stranded DNA

Answer 33

SYBR green