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Contrast Media > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Substance for patient to enhance or highlight bones, organs, veins, and tumors for diagnosis

A

Radiographic Contrast Media

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2
Q

Who discovered Contrast Media?

A

Walter Bradford Cannon

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3
Q

When was Contrast Media discovered?

A

1896

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4
Q

What was the chemical used as the first contrast media?

A

Bismuth

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5
Q

When was the first reported study of the gastrointestinal contrast?

A

1897

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6
Q

Why did they stop using Bismuth?

A

it was toxic/ poisonous

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7
Q

What was the safer chemical used as contrast media?

A

Barium Sulfate

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8
Q

when was barium sulfate discovered?

A

1910

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9
Q

______ is used in (year?) to treat syphilis

A

Sodium iodide, 1920

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10
Q

enhance or highlight details of image to show noticeable differences

A

contrast

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11
Q

contrast is the difference of ____________ between different parts of image

A

optical density

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12
Q

High contrast appears?
Low Contrast appears?

A

Very black
blurry and white

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13
Q

good quality contrast

A

Optimum contrast

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14
Q

what are used to improve pictures and details inside the body produced by radiography?

A

Contrast media

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15
Q

C.M are not ____

A

dyes. (that permanently discolor internal organs)

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16
Q

Administrations of C.M?

A

Swallowed;
Enema;
Injected;
Inhaled or intra articular

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17
Q

What technique is called when C.M is inhaled?

A

Xenon CT

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18
Q

structure that appears dense and resists the passage of x-ray

A

Radiopaque

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19
Q

Appears white or light in radiograph

A

radiopaque

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20
Q

Less dense and xray penetrates

A

radiolucent

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21
Q

appears black or dark

A

radiolucent

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22
Q

substance that has HIGH atomic number than surrounding tissues

A

Positive contrast media

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23
Q

Positive C.M has _____ absorption rate

A

high

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24
Q

Common C.M that is used for Gastrointestinal examinations

A

Barium Sulfate

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25
Q

forms of Barium Sulfate C.M

A

powder;
liquid;
paste;
tablet

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26
Q

Rectally administered C.M

A

Barium Enema

27
Q

Barium Enema is used to detect abnormalities in?

A

Lower gastrointestinal system (colon, anus)

28
Q

C.M taken by mouth

A

Barium Swallow

29
Q

Barium Swallow can determine problems in?

A

upper GI tract; difficulty in swallowing, abdominal pain, bloodstained vomit or unexplained weight loss

30
Q

C.M used for blood vessels

A

Iodine Based C.M

31
Q

Iodine Based C.M is a _____________ liquid

A

colorless

32
Q

Two types of Iodine Based C.M

A

Ionic, non ionic

33
Q

difference of Ionic and non ionic

A

ionic - less expensive, more dangerous
non ionic - expensive, less adverse reactions

34
Q

Substance having lower atomic number than surrounding tissues

A

negative contrast

35
Q

examples of negative contrast

A

air, oxygen, co2

36
Q

negative contrast appears?

A

dark

37
Q

used for MRI exams

A

Gadolinium

38
Q

FACTORS in selecting Contrast Media:

A
  1. non-toxic
  2. adequate contrast
  3. viscosity (resistance to flow)
  4. Suitable persistence ( capability to last until it reaches target)
  5. Miscibility (ability to be mixed or combined as solution)`
39
Q

Physical states of contrast

A

tablet, liquid, powder, oil

40
Q

what test is used to identify allergic or adverse reactions for contrast media?

A

Sensitivity test

41
Q

We must always check the functionality and _____ level of the kidney

A

creatinine

42
Q

What can happen when sensitivity test is not done?

A

Anaphylactic Shock

43
Q

Methods of Sensitivity Test?

A

Scleral, sublingual, intradermal, intravenous

44
Q

S.T that is done by dropping C.M on base of tongue

A

Sublingual

45
Q

Dropped C.M in eyeball

A

Scleral

46
Q

C.M is injected beneath the skin for sensitivity test

A

intradermal

47
Q

injected in vein

A

intravenous

48
Q

radiologist should have the ______ and ______ to treat most contrast media reactions

A

knowledge; equipment

49
Q

It is the responsibility of radiologist and radiologic technologist performing the procedure to have the necessary medications and equipment readily ______ and in working order

A

available

50
Q

Response time should be __________

A

minimized

51
Q

Rules to Remember:

A
  1. KNOW the PATIENT
  2. recognize that there is a PROBLEM
  3. BE PREPARED to deliver treatment QUICKLY and know when to call for HELP
52
Q

Stage of adverse effect where drop in BP, bradycardia, dyspnea, spastic cough may happen?

A

2nd degree

53
Q

Stage of Adverse Effects where urticaria may happen?

A

1st Degree

54
Q

Flushing of face happens in

A

1st degree

55
Q

glottis edema happens in?

A

3rd degree

56
Q

Circulatory and respiratory arrest happens in?

A

4th Degree

57
Q

bradycardia

A

2nd degree`

58
Q

chills

A

1st degree

59
Q

shock

A

3rd degree

60
Q

bronchospasm with wheezing

A

3rd degree

61
Q

spastic cough

A

2nd degree

62
Q

dyspnea

A

2nd degree

63
Q

choking and convulsion

A

3rd degree

Contrast Media (1 decks)

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