1

Question 1

Substance for patient to enhance or highlight bones, organs, veins, and tumors for diagnosis

Answer 1

Radiographic Contrast Media

Question 2

Who discovered Contrast Media?

Answer 2

Walter Bradford Cannon

Question 3

When was Contrast Media discovered?

Answer 3

1896

Question 4

What was the chemical used as the first contrast media?

Answer 4

Bismuth

Question 5

When was the first reported study of the gastrointestinal contrast?

Answer 5

1897

Question 6

Why did they stop using Bismuth?

Answer 6

it was toxic/ poisonous

Question 7

What was the safer chemical used as contrast media?

Answer 7

Barium Sulfate

Question 8

when was barium sulfate discovered?

Answer 8

1910

Question 9

______ is used in (year?) to treat syphilis

Answer 9

Sodium iodide, 1920

Question 10

enhance or highlight details of image to show noticeable differences

Answer 10

contrast

Question 11

contrast is the difference of ____________ between different parts of image

Answer 11

optical density

Question 12

High contrast appears?
Low Contrast appears?

Answer 12

Very black
blurry and white

Question 13

good quality contrast

Answer 13

Optimum contrast

Question 14

what are used to improve pictures and details inside the body produced by radiography?

Answer 14

Contrast media

Question 15

C.M are not ____

Answer 15

dyes. (that permanently discolor internal organs)

Question 16

Administrations of C.M?

Answer 16

Swallowed;
Enema;
Injected;
Inhaled or intra articular

Question 17

What technique is called when C.M is inhaled?

Answer 17

Xenon CT

Question 18

structure that appears dense and resists the passage of x-ray

Answer 18

Radiopaque

Question 19

Appears white or light in radiograph

Answer 19

radiopaque

Question 20

Less dense and xray penetrates

Answer 20

radiolucent

Question 21

appears black or dark

Answer 21

radiolucent

Question 22

substance that has HIGH atomic number than surrounding tissues

Answer 22

Positive contrast media

Question 23

Positive C.M has _____ absorption rate

Answer 23

high

Question 24

Common C.M that is used for Gastrointestinal examinations

Answer 24

Barium Sulfate

Question 25

forms of Barium Sulfate C.M

Answer 25

powder; liquid; paste; tablet

Question 26

Rectally administered C.M

Answer 26

Barium Enema

Question 27

Barium Enema is used to detect abnormalities in?

Answer 27

Lower gastrointestinal system (colon, anus)

Question 28

C.M taken by mouth

Answer 28

Barium Swallow

Question 29

Barium Swallow can determine problems in?

Answer 29

upper GI tract; difficulty in swallowing, abdominal pain, bloodstained vomit or unexplained weight loss

Question 30

C.M used for blood vessels

Answer 30

Iodine Based C.M

Question 31

Iodine Based C.M is a _____________ liquid

Answer 31

colorless

Question 32

Two types of Iodine Based C.M

Answer 32

Ionic, non ionic

Question 33

difference of Ionic and non ionic

Answer 33

ionic - less expensive, more dangerous non ionic - expensive, less adverse reactions

Question 34

Substance having lower atomic number than surrounding tissues

Answer 34

negative contrast

Question 35

examples of negative contrast

Answer 35

air, oxygen, co2

Question 36

negative contrast appears?

Answer 36

dark

Question 37

used for MRI exams

Answer 37

Gadolinium

Question 38

FACTORS in selecting Contrast Media:

Answer 38

1. non-toxic 2. adequate contrast 3. viscosity (resistance to flow) 4. Suitable persistence ( capability to last until it reaches target) 5. Miscibility (ability to be mixed or combined as solution)`

Question 39

Physical states of contrast

Answer 39

tablet, liquid, powder, oil

Question 40

what test is used to identify allergic or adverse reactions for contrast media?

Answer 40

Sensitivity test

Question 41

We must always check the functionality and _____ level of the kidney

Answer 41

creatinine

Question 42

What can happen when sensitivity test is not done?

Answer 42

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 43

Methods of Sensitivity Test?

Answer 43

Scleral, sublingual, intradermal, intravenous

Question 44

S.T that is done by dropping C.M on base of tongue

Answer 44

Sublingual

Question 45

Dropped C.M in eyeball

Answer 45

Scleral

Question 46

C.M is injected beneath the skin for sensitivity test

Answer 46

intradermal

Question 47

injected in vein

Answer 47

intravenous

Question 48

radiologist should have the ______ and ______ to treat most contrast media reactions

Answer 48

knowledge; equipment

Question 49

It is the responsibility of radiologist and radiologic technologist performing the procedure to have the necessary medications and equipment readily ______ and in working order

Answer 49

available

Question 50

Response time should be __________

Answer 50

minimized

Question 51

Rules to Remember:

Answer 51

1. KNOW the PATIENT 2. recognize that there is a PROBLEM 3. BE PREPARED to deliver treatment QUICKLY and know when to call for HELP

Question 52

Stage of adverse effect where drop in BP, bradycardia, dyspnea, spastic cough may happen?

Answer 52

2nd degree

Question 53

Stage of Adverse Effects where urticaria may happen?

Answer 53

1st Degree

Question 54

Flushing of face happens in

Answer 54

1st degree

Question 55

glottis edema happens in?

Answer 55

3rd degree

Question 56

Circulatory and respiratory arrest happens in?

Answer 56

4th Degree

Question 57

bradycardia

Answer 57

2nd degree`

Question 58

chills

Answer 58

1st degree

Question 59

shock

Answer 59

3rd degree

Question 60

bronchospasm with wheezing

Answer 60

3rd degree

Question 61

spastic cough

Answer 61

2nd degree

Question 62

dyspnea

Answer 62

2nd degree

Question 63

choking and convulsion

Answer 63

3rd degree