1 Flashcards
Newtons 1st law
An object will remain at rest or continue to travel at constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force
Newtons 2nd law
The resultant force on an object is directly proportional to and in the same direction as its rate of change of linear momentum
Newton 3rd
If a body A acts on a body B with a force F then the body B acts on body A with a force that is equal in magnitude but in the opposite direction to F
Linear momentum
Mass x velocity (vector quantity)
Net force in a body
rate of change of momentum
Impulse of a force
The product of a force and the time for which it acts
Principle of conservation of momentum
Within a closed system the total momentum remains constant
perfectly elastic collision
a collision in which kinetic energy is conserved
inelastic collision
a collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved
radian
the angle which subtends an arc equal in length to the radius of a circle
Centripetal acceleration
the acceleration towards the centre of a circle
Centripetal force
the resultant force on an object travelling in a circle (which is directed towards the centre of the circle
Newtons law of gravitation
two masses attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation
Gravitational field strength
force per unit mass
Period
the time taken for one complete revolution
Geostationary orbit
The orbit of an artificial satellite with a period of one day which always remains above the same point on the Earth’s equator
Displacement
The distance and direction of an oscillating object from rest point
Amplitude
the maximum displacement of an oscillating object from rest point
period
The time taken for an object to complete one oscillation
Frequency
The number of oscillations of a particle per unit time
Angular frequency
The rate of change of angle expressed in radians per second( the product of 2pi and frequency)
Phase difference
The fraction of an oscillation between two oscillating particles expressed in degrees or radians
Simple harmonic motion
Motion of an oscillator whose acceleration is directly proportional to displacement and directed towards the equilbrium postion
Pressure
Force per unit area
Internal energy
The sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules of a system
Specific heat capacity
The energy per unit mass of a substance to raise its temperature by one degree
latent heat of fusion
The energy absorbed by a substance to change its state from solid to liquid with no change in temperature
Latent heat of vapouristaion
The energy absorbed by a substance to change its state from liquid to gas with no change in temperature
Boyle’s Law
The pressure exerted by a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided the temperature remains constant
I mole
contains 6.02 x10 23 particles
