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The Emergence of Tensions: Yalta, Potsdam and the atomic bomb > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Long term tensions during the cold war

A

• differing ideologies (capitalism vs communism)
• US and GB support for Communists’ enemies in Russian Civil War
• United by common danger only
• Emergence of USA and USSR as global superpowers in 1930s

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2
Q

When was Germany defeated?

A

May 1945

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3
Q

When was the Yalta conference?

A

February 1945

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4
Q

Who was the Big 3 at the Yalta conference?

A

FDR , Churchill, Stalin

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5
Q

What was the point of the Yalta Conference?

A

To plan post-war Europe

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6
Q

Agreements at the Yalta Conference

A

• USSR to help USA defeat Japan
• Division of Germany (Berlin) into 4 zones
• Hunting down and punishing Nazi war criminals
• Free elections for liberated countries
• All agree to join United Nations to keep peace post-war
• Eastern Europe to be seen as a Soviet sphere of influence

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7
Q

Disagreements at Yalta Conference

A

Stalin wanted to move Poland’s border west. Red army was in control of Poland and East Germany. Churchill disapproves but persuades FDR to agree. USSR agreed to not interfere in Greece.

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8
Q

When was the Potsdam Conference?

A

July-August 1945

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9
Q

Changes between Yalta and Potsdam

A

• Death of ‘common danger’
• USSR occupation of Baltic States
• Communist government established in Poland despite protests
• FDR replaced by Truman
• US development of the atomic bomb
-> no longer reliant on russian support against Japan
• Atlee elected over Churchill

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10
Q

Disagreements at Potsdam Conference

A

• Stalin would like to cripple Germany to protect USSR
-> Truman doesn’t want to repeat the mistakes of Treaty of Versailles
• Stalin demands $10 billion from Germany to pay for destruction done and 20 million lives lost
-> Truman views Stalin’s demands as too harsh and wants to give Germany a chance to rebuild
• Stalin wanted to unite Eastern Europe
-> Truman believed Stalin was trying to build a soviet empire

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11
Q

When was the first successful test of the atomic bomb?

A

16th July

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12
Q

Development of the Atomic Bomb

A

developed secretly - truman only informed stalin he had ‘a weapon of great power’

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13
Q

When was Hiroshima bombed?

A

6th August 1945

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14
Q

When was Nagasaki bombed?

A

9th August 1945

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15
Q

Impact of Atomic Bomb

A

• Viewed by Stalin as a direct threat to the USSR
• lead to an imbalance of power
• makes lack of trust obvious

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16
Q

Romania

A

1945- elected prime minister
1947- monarchy abolished

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17
Q

Bulgaria

A

1945- elected + leaders of non-communist parties executed

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18
Q

Albania

A

elected 1945

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19
Q

Yugoslavia

A

Marshall Tito elected in 1945 but refuses to be controlled by Moscow

20
Q

Czechoslovakia

A

1945- elected
1948- communists ban other parties and become a one-party state

21
Q

Poland

A

1945- elected
1947- non - communist leaders forced into exile

22
Q

Hungary

A

1947- elected + opposition politicians imprisoned and church leaders attacked

23
Q

Fear of further Communist advance in the West

A

• France and Italy had strong Communist parties
• Britain and the USA supported Greece royalists against Communist opposition

24
Q

Stalin insists the spread of communism is defensive but…

A

• increased russian control in communist countries
• Cominform

25
Q

Purpose of Cominform

A

co-ordinate the work of all Eastern-Europe Communist parties
- leaders regularly brought to Moscow to be briefed
- Tito expelled in 1948 for hostility to Stalin’s control

26
Q

When was the Iron Curtain speech?

A

5th March 1946

27
Q

Iron Curtain speech

A

• coins phrase ‘iron curtain’ to describe the communist states
• claims communist parties are seeking to obtain totalitarian control
• portrays the ‘east’ as secretive and closed with trade and tourism
• accuses stalin of use of salami tactics

28
Q

Salami tactics

A

divide and conquer via threats and alliances to overcome opposition

29
Q

aim of the iron curtain speech

A

prevents US post war isolationism and ensures continues support in Europe against USSR

30
Q

western reactions to the spread of soviet power

A

• surprised and alarmed by communist domination of Eastern Europe

31
Q

Which were the only two countries without Communist governments by 1948 in Eastern Europe?

A

Greece and Turkey

32
Q

Greece

A

• 1944- communist vs monarchists power struggle
• 1946- civil war + truman fears further spread of communism

33
Q

turkey

A
  • stalin wanted influence to get access to the mediterranean
  • truman fears it might be a stepping stone to the spread of communism in the middle east [oil reserves]
34
Q

When was the Greece and Turkey Aid Bill?

A

March 1947

35
Q

what was the Greece and Turkey Aid Bill?

A
  • $400m US aid to Greece and Turkey
  • secured Turkey as a US ally
  • supports monarchist government in Greece
  • worsens East/West relations
36
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine?

A

March 1947

37
Q

Truman Doctorine

A
  • US prepared to send money, equipment and advice to any country threatened by communist takeover
  • aim of containment
38
Q

How did Truman believed Communsit spread?

A

where people faced hardship

39
Q

economic state of Europe

A
  • ruined economy
  • $11.5 billion debt to USA
  • shortage of all goods
40
Q

Marshall Plan - how much money?

A

$17 billion

41
Q

When was the Marshall Plan first proposed?

A

December 1947
• resistance over cost and non-isolationist policy

42
Q

When was the Marshall Plan passed?

A

March 1948

43
Q

Why was the Marshall Plan passed?

A
  • Czechoslovakia takeover
  • US minister died in suspicious circumstances
44
Q

Stalin’s reaction to the Marshall Plan?

A
  • bans all Eastern European states from applying for aid
  • sets up comecon and cominform
45
Q

When was Comecon introduced?

A

1949

46
Q

What is Comecon?

A
  • co-ordinate the industry and trade of all Eastern-European countries
  • traded with each other not the west
  • favoured russia

The Emergence of Tensions: Yalta, Potsdam and the atomic bomb (2 decks)

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