1 Flashcards
benefit
an advantage, improvement, or help that you get from something
(noun)
the benefits of contact lenses
I never had the benefit of a university education.
The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.
I hope that the decision taken today will be to the benefit of the whole nation.
for somebody’s benefit
Could you just explain again for Mark’s benefit?
without the benefit of something
Most motorists manage without the benefit of four-wheel drive.
essential
extremely important and necessary
(adj)
essential for/to
A good diet is essential for everyone.
it is essential (that)
It is essential that our pilots be given the best possible training.
it is essential to do something
It is essential to book in advance.
Window locks are fairly cheap and absolutely essential.
Even in small companies, computers are an essential tool.
function
the purpose that something has, or the job that someone or something does
(noun)
perform/fulfil a function
In your new job you will perform a variety of functions.
The church fulfils a valuable social function.
The nervous system regulates our bodily functions (=eating, breathing, going to the toilet etc).
Bauhaus architects thought that function was more important than form.
immediate
happening or done at once and without delay
(adj)
Our immediate response to the attack was sheer horror.
They promise immediate action to help the unemployed.
If the eyes are affected, seek immediate medical attention.
primary
most important
SYN main
(adj)
Our primary concern is to provide the refugees with food and health care.
Many of the villagers rely on fishing as their primary source of income.
primary purpose/aim/objective
Their primary objective is to make money.
Personal safety is of primary importance.
remain
to continue to be in the same state or condition
(verb)
Please remain seated until all the lights are on.
We remained friends.
The boy remained silent.
remain as
Despite the job losses, Parker remained as manager.
remain unclear/unchanged/unanswered etc
Many scientists remain unconvinced by the current evidence.
GRAMMAR: Linking verbs
Remain is a linking verb in this meaning. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun:
• He remains undecided about what to do.
• Traffic congestion remains a problem.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say something or someone stays in a particular state, condition, or place, rather than remains in it:
• We stayed friends.
site
a place where something important or interesting happened
(noun)
an archaeological site
site of
The house is built on the site of a medieval prison.
the site of the air crash
arrange
to put a group of things or people in a particular order or position
(verb)
Ben arranged the flowers in a vase.
The list is arranged alphabetically.
arrange something in pairs/groups etc
The children were arranged in lines according to height.
chase
(follow) to quickly follow someone or something in order to catch them
(verb)
The dogs saw him running and chased him.
kids chasing around the house
chase somebody along/down/up something etc
The police chased the suspect along Severn Avenue.
chase after
A gang of boys chased after her, calling her names.
contrast
a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc that are being compared
(noun)
While there are similarities in the two cultures, there are also great contrasts.
contrast between
the economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich
contrast with
The marble is smooth and polished, making a strong contrast with the worn stonework around it.
by contrast (to/with)
The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.
in contrast (to/with)
The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.
(in) stark/marked/sharp etc contrast to something
The winter heat wave in California is a stark contrast to the below-freezing temperatures on the East Coast.
The spirited mood on Friday was in sharp contrast to the tense atmosphere last week.
The approach to learning at this school stands in marked contrast to the traditional methods used at other schools nearby.
encourage
to give someone the courage or confidence to do something
(verb)
تشویق کردن
I want to thank everyone who has encouraged and supported me.
encourage somebody to do something
Cooder was encouraged to begin playing the guitar by his father.
encourage somebody in something
Fleur encouraged Dana in her ambition to become a model.
propose
(suggest) formal to suggest something as a plan or course of action
(verb)
The changes were first proposed last year.
the proposed budget cuts
propose (that)
In his speech he proposed that the UN should set up an emergency centre for the environment.
propose doing something
The report also proposes expanding the airport.
propose something to somebody
He proposed a compromise to me.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say that someone puts forward plans, ideas etc, rather than proposes them:
• The idea was first put forward by a German scientist.
satisfied
feeling that something is as good as it should be, or that something has happened in the way that you want
(adj)
راضی
a satisfied smile
They have plenty of satisfied customers.
Will she ever be satisfied?
satisfied with
I’m not satisfied with the way he cut my hair.
completely/fully/totally/entirely satisfied
If you’re not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.
GRAMMAR:
Someone is satisfied with something:
• They were not satisfied with the room.
Don’t say: They were not satisfied about the room.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say happy rather than satisfied:
• Are you happy with the arrangements?
response
something that is done as a reaction to something that has happened or been said
(noun)
response to
the public’s response to our appeal for help
in response to something
The law was passed in response to public pressure.
positive/favourable/negative etc response
The exhibition has received a positive response from visitors.
an emotional/angry response
The decision provoked an angry response from residents.
His immediate response was one of disbelief.
Emmett’s new exhibition has met with a favourable response from critics.
peacock
a large bird, the male of which has long blue and green tail feathers that it can lift up and spread out → peahen
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