1 Flashcards
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. ______
bacteria
____ _____________ is when you can see a cell’s organelles and the internal structure of them
cell ultrastructure
Animal and plant cells are both ______.
eukaryotic
_______ cells have more organelles.
eukaryotic
Plant cells have ______________ for exchanging substances between adjacent cells
cell wall with plasmodesmata
Plant cells have a ________ (compartment that contains cell sap)
vacuole
Plant cells contain __________ (the organelles involved in photosynthesis)
chloroplasts
_________ _________ is found on the surface of animal cells
plasma membrane
_________ __________ is found just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells
plasma membrane
_________ _________ regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
________ _________ has receptor molecules, allowing it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
plasma membrane
____ ____ is a rigid structure that surrounds plant cells.
cell wall
Cell wall is mainly made of the carbohydrate _________.
cellulose
The ____ ____ supports plant cells.
cell wall
The _______ is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
nucleus
The nucleus contains __________ made from DNA and proteins.
chromatins
The nucleus controls the cell’s activities by controlling the ____________ of DNA.
transcription
The nucleolus makes _________.
ribosomes
A _______ is a round organelle surrounded by a membrane.
lysosome
A lysosome contains ________ ________.
digestive enzymes
Digestive enzymes are kept seperate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding _________.
membrane
___________ can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell.
lysosomes
A ________ is a very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER.
ribosome
The ________ is made up of proteins and RNA and is not surrounded by a membrane.
ribosome
The _________ is where proteins are made and is where protein synthesis takes place.
ribosome
The ___ is a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.
RER
The ___ is covered with ribosomes.
RER
The ___ folds and processes proteins that have been at the ribosomes.
RER
The ___ is similar to the RER but with no ribosomes.
SER
The ___ synthesises and processes lipids.
SER
A _______ is a small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane.
vesicle
A ________ transports substances in and out of the cell via the plasma membrane and between organelles.
vesicle
Some _______ are formed by the golgi apparatus or the ER, while others are formed at the cell surface.
vesicles
The ______ _______ is a group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs.
golgi apparatus
The vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs of the _____ _______.
golgi apparatus
The ________ _________ processes and packages new lipids and proteins
golgi apparatus
The _______ ________ also makes lysosomes.
golgi apparatus
The ___________ is oval shaped. It has a double membrane.
mitochondria
The inner membrane of the __________ is folded to form structures called cristae.
mitochondria
Inside the ___________ is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration..
mitochondria
The ____________ is a small, flattened structure found in plant cells.
chloroplast
The _________ is surrounded by a double membrane
chloroplast
The __________ is surrounded by membranes, and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes.
chloroplast
Thylakoid membranes are stacked up in some parts of the _________ to form grana.
chloroplast
_____ are linked together by lamellae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.
Grana
The __________ is the site where photosynthesis takes place.
chloroplast
Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the _____ and other parts happen in the stroma (a thick fluid found in chloroplasts).
grana
The _________ are small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules (tiny protein cylinders).
centrioles
__________ are found in all animal cells but only some plant cells.
centrioles
__________ are involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
centrioles
_______ are small, hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells.
cilia
_______, in cross-section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules in the middle.
cilia
Microtubules allow the ______ to move. This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface.
cilia
__________ on eukaryotic cells are like cilia but longer.
flagellum
_______ stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Inside they’re like cilia too - two microtubules in the centre and nine pairs around the edge.
Flagellum
__________ contract to make the flagellum move.
microtubules
__________ are used like outboard motors to propel cells forward (e.g. when a sperm cell swims).
flagellum
Three organelles that can be found in any plant cell, but not animal.
cell wall
vacuole
chloroplast
Describe the function of a nucleus
control cell’s activites
Give one function of a lysosome
digest invading cells
Give one function of a lysosome
digest invading cells
How does the RER differ from the SER?
SER has no ribosomes
What’s the function of the SER
synthesise and process lipids
What organelle is responsible for making lysosomes
golgi
Name the organelle responsible for the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
centriole
The ________ enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell.
proteins
____________ move to the cell surface and are secreted.
glycoproteins
Proteins may be stored at the ___ until they are needed by the golgi.
RER
The organelles in cells are surrounded by the _________.
cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is more than just a solution of chemicals, there’s a network of threads running through it. These protein threads are called the ____________.
cytoskeleton
In eukaryotic cells the protein threads are arranged as _____________ and _____________.
microfilaments and microtubules
The microtubules and microfilaments support the cell’s ___________, keeping them in position.
organelles
The ____________ helps to strengthen the cell and maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is responsible for the transport of __________ and materials within the cell.
organelles
The ________ of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move.
proteins
How would the appearance of normal golgi apparatus differ to the abnormal ones?
smaller and rounder
