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Biology Module 2.1 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. ______

A

bacteria

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2
Q

____ _____________ is when you can see a cell’s organelles and the internal structure of them

A

cell ultrastructure

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3
Q

Animal and plant cells are both ______.

A

eukaryotic

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4
Q

_______ cells have more organelles.

A

eukaryotic

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5
Q

Plant cells have ______________ for exchanging substances between adjacent cells

A

cell wall with plasmodesmata

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6
Q

Plant cells have a ________ (compartment that contains cell sap)

A

vacuole

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7
Q

Plant cells contain __________ (the organelles involved in photosynthesis)

A

chloroplasts

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8
Q

_________ _________ is found on the surface of animal cells

A

plasma membrane

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9
Q

_________ __________ is found just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells

A

plasma membrane

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10
Q

_________ _________ regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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11
Q

________ _________ has receptor molecules, allowing it to respond to chemicals like hormones.

A

plasma membrane

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12
Q

____ ____ is a rigid structure that surrounds plant cells.

A

cell wall

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13
Q

Cell wall is mainly made of the carbohydrate _________.

A

cellulose

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14
Q

The ____ ____ supports plant cells.

A

cell wall

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15
Q

The _______ is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.

A

nucleus

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16
Q

The nucleus contains __________ made from DNA and proteins.

A

chromatins

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17
Q

The nucleus controls the cell’s activities by controlling the ____________ of DNA.

A

transcription

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18
Q

The nucleolus makes _________.

A

ribosomes

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19
Q

A _______ is a round organelle surrounded by a membrane.

A

lysosome

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20
Q

A lysosome contains ________ ________.

A

digestive enzymes

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21
Q

Digestive enzymes are kept seperate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding _________.

A

membrane

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22
Q

___________ can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell.

A

lysosomes

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23
Q

A ________ is a very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER.

A

ribosome

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24
Q

The ________ is made up of proteins and RNA and is not surrounded by a membrane.

A

ribosome

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25
Q

The _________ is where proteins are made and is where protein synthesis takes place.

A

ribosome

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26
Q

The ___ is a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.

A

RER

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27
Q

The ___ is covered with ribosomes.

A

RER

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28
Q

The ___ folds and processes proteins that have been at the ribosomes.

A

RER

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29
Q

The ___ is similar to the RER but with no ribosomes.

A

SER

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30
Q

The ___ synthesises and processes lipids.

A

SER

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31
Q

A _______ is a small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane.

A

vesicle

32
Q

A ________ transports substances in and out of the cell via the plasma membrane and between organelles.

A

vesicle

33
Q

Some _______ are formed by the golgi apparatus or the ER, while others are formed at the cell surface.

A

vesicles

34
Q

The ______ _______ is a group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs.

A

golgi apparatus

35
Q

The vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs of the _____ _______.

A

golgi apparatus

36
Q

The ________ _________ processes and packages new lipids and proteins

A

golgi apparatus

37
Q

The _______ ________ also makes lysosomes.

A

golgi apparatus

38
Q

The ___________ is oval shaped. It has a double membrane.

A

mitochondria

39
Q

The inner membrane of the __________ is folded to form structures called cristae.

A

mitochondria

40
Q

Inside the ___________ is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration..

A

mitochondria

41
Q

The ____________ is a small, flattened structure found in plant cells.

A

chloroplast

42
Q

The _________ is surrounded by a double membrane

A

chloroplast

43
Q

The __________ is surrounded by membranes, and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes.

A

chloroplast

44
Q

Thylakoid membranes are stacked up in some parts of the _________ to form grana.

A

chloroplast

45
Q

_____ are linked together by lamellae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.

A

Grana

46
Q

The __________ is the site where photosynthesis takes place.

A

chloroplast

47
Q

Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the _____ and other parts happen in the stroma (a thick fluid found in chloroplasts).

A

grana

48
Q

The _________ are small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules (tiny protein cylinders).

A

centrioles

49
Q

__________ are found in all animal cells but only some plant cells.

A

centrioles

50
Q

__________ are involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

A

centrioles

51
Q

_______ are small, hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells.

A

cilia

52
Q

_______, in cross-section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules in the middle.

A

cilia

53
Q

Microtubules allow the ______ to move. This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface.

A

cilia

54
Q

__________ on eukaryotic cells are like cilia but longer.

A

flagellum

55
Q

_______ stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Inside they’re like cilia too - two microtubules in the centre and nine pairs around the edge.

A

Flagellum

56
Q

__________ contract to make the flagellum move.

A

microtubules

57
Q

__________ are used like outboard motors to propel cells forward (e.g. when a sperm cell swims).

A

flagellum

58
Q

Three organelles that can be found in any plant cell, but not animal.

A

cell wall
vacuole
chloroplast

59
Q

Describe the function of a nucleus

A

control cell’s activites

60
Q

Give one function of a lysosome

A

digest invading cells

61
Q

Give one function of a lysosome

A

digest invading cells

62
Q

How does the RER differ from the SER?

A

SER has no ribosomes

63
Q

What’s the function of the SER

A

synthesise and process lipids

64
Q

What organelle is responsible for making lysosomes

A

golgi

65
Q

Name the organelle responsible for the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

A

centriole

66
Q

The ________ enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell.

A

proteins

67
Q

____________ move to the cell surface and are secreted.

A

glycoproteins

68
Q

Proteins may be stored at the ___ until they are needed by the golgi.

A

RER

69
Q

The organelles in cells are surrounded by the _________.

A

cytoplasm

70
Q

The cytoplasm is more than just a solution of chemicals, there’s a network of threads running through it. These protein threads are called the ____________.

A

cytoskeleton

71
Q

In eukaryotic cells the protein threads are arranged as _____________ and _____________.

A

microfilaments and microtubules

72
Q

The microtubules and microfilaments support the cell’s ___________, keeping them in position.

A

organelles

73
Q

The ____________ helps to strengthen the cell and maintain its shape.

A

cytoskeleton

74
Q

The cytoskeleton is responsible for the transport of __________ and materials within the cell.

A

organelles

75
Q

The ________ of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move.

A

proteins

76
Q

How would the appearance of normal golgi apparatus differ to the abnormal ones?

A

smaller and rounder

Biology Module 2.1 (5 decks)

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