1 Flashcards by Yaya C

NAME TWO OF THE FIVE STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Statement of hypothesis
Data collection

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Blank IS AN UNPROVEN CONCLUSION THAT ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN SOME PHENOMENA.
USUALLY IN THE FORM OF A QUESTION/ TESTABLE/ AND BASED ON MEASURABLE DESCRIBABLE FACTS

Hypothesis

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Blank IS A LOGICAL, PRACTICAL, AND RELIABLE WAY OF APPROACHING AND
SOLVING PROBLEMS TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE, IT COMPRISES 5 MAJOR STEPS

Scientific method

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OBSERVATIONS ARE MADE USING THE SENSES (HEARING, TASTING, SEEING,
SMELLING, TOUCHING)

Qualitative

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Blank OBSERVATIONS ARE BASED ON PRECISE MEASUREMENTS, EXAMPLES ARE VOLUME, MASS, SIZE.

QUANTITATIVE

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Blank IS A PROCEDURE DESIGNED TO DESCRIBE THE FACTORS IN A GIVEN SITUATION
THAT AFFECT ONE ANOTHER (TO DISCOVER A CAUSE AND EFFECT) UNDER CERTAIN
CIRCUMSTANCES

EXPERIMENTS

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A blank IS ANY FACTOR THAT MIGHT AFFECT THE OUTCOME OF THE EXPERIMENT

Variable

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THE blank VARIABLE IS MANIPULATED BY THE EXPERIMENTER TO DETERMINE EFFECT ON THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Independent variable

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THE blank VARIABLE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES MADE TO THE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Dependent variable

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A blank IS A NORMAL STANDARD AGAINST WHICH ALL OTHER SAMPLES ARE
COMPARED RELATIVE TO THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Control

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THE blank IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST NUMBERS
OBTAINED IN A SAMPLE

Range

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THE blank IS THE SUM OF THE ITEMS DIVIDED THE NUMBER OF ITEMS

Mean

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A FOCUS FOR INVESTIGATION IS CALLED THE blank

Observation

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THE blank IS AN ARBITRARY SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT BASED ON UNITS OF TENS

METRIC SYSTEM

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A blank IS A LINE CONNECTING THE PLOT POINTS OF THE INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES ON AN X AND Y AXIS.

CURVE

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A blank IS A HYPOTHESIS THAT HAS BEEN VALIDATED BY MANY DIFFERENT
INVESTIGATORS

THEORY

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A blank IS A THEORY THAT HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY VERIFIED AND APPEARS TO HAVE WIDE APPLICATION IN BIOLOGY

BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE

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GIVE TWO OF THE PARTS OF A LAB REPORT

Abstract
Discussion

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GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR LENGTH:

Meter

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GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR VOLUME:

Liter

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GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR MASS:

Gram

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GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR TIME:

Second

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GIVE THE EQUATION FOR FINDING CELSIUS DEGREES WHEN GIVEN FARENHEIT DEGREES

C=[5(F-32)]/9

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GIVE THE EQUATION FOR FINDING FARENHEIT DEGREES WHEN GIVEN CELSIUS DEGREES

F=(9/5)C+32

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AN OBJECT'S blank IS THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT

MASS

THE blank OF AN OBJECT VARIES WITH GRAVITATIONAL PULL ON THE OBJECT

WEIGHT

WHAT IS THE ENGLISH / BRITISH UNIT OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT?

FAHRENHEIT

NAME TWO OF THE CRITERION THAT MUST BE USED FOR THE STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

TESTABLE BASED ON FACTS

NAME ONE TYPE OF ELEMENTARY TREATMENT OF DATA USED IN THE LAB

Mean

Blank IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND IS THE PRIMARY BASIS FOR SUPPORT OF REJECTION OF MANY HYPOTHESIS

REPEATABILITY

FROM THE LATIN "FOR 100", MEANS PARTS PER 100 PARTS PERCENT

Percent

WHICH VARIABLE, DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT, IS FOUND / PLACED ON THE X-AXIS

Independent

WHICH VARIABLE, DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT, IS FOUND/ PLACED ON THE Y-AXIS

Dependent

GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CONCLUSIONS / RESULTS THAT ARE OBTAINED BY A VALID / CORRECT HYPOTHESIS THAT HAS BEEN USED AND VALIDATED BY MANY INVESTIGATORS

BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE

NAME THE OBJECTIVE LENS THAT HAS THE LOWEST MAGNIFICATION (NAME OR MAGNIFICATION)

SCANNING OBJECTIVE LENS

WHERE IS THE POINTER FOUND IN A MICROSCOPE?

OCULAR LENS (EYEPIECE)

A GROUP OF CELLS THAT ARE SIMILAR IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ARE CALLED

Tissues

TO PERFORM SPECIFIC BODY FUNCTIONS, TISSUES ARE ARRANGED INTO blank, SUCH AS THE HEART, THE LUNGS, OR THE KIDNEY

Organs

Blank DISTANCE BETWEEN THE OBJECTIVE AND THE SPECIMEN ON THE SLIDE

WORKING DISTANCE

Blank IS THE ABILITY TO DISCRIMINATE TWO CLOSE OBJECTS AS SEPARATE

RESOLUTION

Blank IS THE ABILITY OF MICROSCOPES TO MAINTAIN A SLIDE IN PROPER FOCUS WHEN CHANGING MAGNIFICATION

PARFOCAL

OCULAR MAGNIFICATION MULTIPLIED BY THE OBJECTIVE MAGNIFICATION IS THE

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

HOW IS THE FIELD SIZE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE MEASURED (DONE IN THE LAB)?

SIZE IN mm OF FIELD AT SMALLEST MAGNIFICATION

THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS SELECTIVE ABOUT WHAT PASSES THROUGH IT, IT ALLOWS NUTRIENTS TO ENTER THE CELL BUT KEEPS OUT UNDESIRABLE SUBSTANCES, THIS IS CALLED THE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS?

SCAFFOLDING OF THE CELL

NAME ONE CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENT

MICROTUBULES

GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MICROTUBULES

MICROTUBULES: PRODUCE PARTS OF THE SPINDLE

Blank IS THE PROCESS OF NUCLEAR REPLICATION AND DIVISION RESULTING IN DAUGHTER CELLS WITH EXACT COPIES OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL

MITOSIS

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF ALL LIVING THINGS

Cell

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MICROVILLI?

INCREASE THE CELL’S SURFACE AREA usually for absorption

WHAT IS THE JELLY-LIKE MATERIAL IN WHICH THE ORGANELLES FLOAT?

CYTOPLASM

GIVE THE NAME FOR THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF ENZYMES FOUND IN PEROXISOMES

OXIDASES

GIVE THE NAME FOR THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF ENZYMES FOUND IN LYSOSOMES

HYDROLYTIC ENZYME

GIVE THE NAME FOR THE INNER MEMBRANE FOLDS OF THE MITOCHONDRIA

CRISTAE

WHAT ARE THE PROTEINS THAT FORM THE MICROTUBULES CALLED?

a - tubulin b - tubulin

NAME ONE OF THE TWO PROTEINS THAT MAY FORM MICROFILAMENTS

ACTIN

NAME ONE OF THE TWO STRUCTURES THAT MAY BE FORMED FROM THE CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS

CILIA

GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MICROFILAMENTS

ALLOW FOR CELL MOVEMENT

GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

HELP resist MECHANICAL/PULLING

Blank IS THE ABILITY OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TO ALLOW CERTAIN SUBSTANCES INTO THE CELLS AND KEEP OTHERS OUT/ ALSO KEEPS VALUABLE SUBSTANCES WITHIN THE CELL

SELECTIVE MEMBRANE

Blanks IS NUCLEAR DIVISION THAT TAKES PLACE IN REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS GIVING RISE TO FOUR GENETICALLY DIFFERENT DAUGHTER CELLS, WITH HALF THE NORMAL GENETIC NUMBER AS SOMATIC CELLS

Meiosis

GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR THE IDEALIZED GENERALIZED CELL THAT IS STUDIED TO LEARN GENERAL STRUCTURES AND NOT SPECIFIC CELL FUNCTION

COMPOSITE CELL

THE CELL CYTOPLASM CONTAINS VARIOUS SUBSTANCES AND STRUCTURES THAT ARE NOT PART OF THE ACTIVE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE CELL, SUCH AS STORED FOODS, PIGMENT GRANULES, CRYSTALS, WATER VACUOLES AND INGESTED FOREIGN MATERIALS, THEY ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED

Inclusions

A CELL'S blank IS THE SERIES OF CHANGES IT GOES THROUGH FROM THE TIME IT IS FORMED UNTIL IT REPRODUCES ITSELF

LIFE CYCLE

DURING blank THE CELL GROWS AND CARRIES OUT IT'S USUAL ACTIVITIES

INTERPHASE

NAME ONE OF THE TWO STAGES OF THE CELL'S LIFE CYCLE

CELL DIVISION

CENTROMERES AND blank, AN ADHESIVE PROTEIN, HOLD REPLICATED CHROMOSOMES (CHROMATIDS) TOGETHER DURING PROPHASE OF MITOSIS

COHESIN

THE STRAIGHT LINE THAT REPLICATED CHROMOSOMES LINE UP ALONG DURING METAPHASE IS CALLED THE blank

METAPHASE PLATE

Blank IS THE DIVISION OF THE CYTOPLASMIC MASS DURING LATE ANAPHASE CONTINUING THROUGH TELOPHASE OF MITOSIS

CYTOKINESIS

IN ANIMAL CELLS, A blank BEGINS TO FORM APPROXIMATELY OVER THE SPINDLE EQUATOR AND EVENTUALLY SPLITS OR PINCHES THE ORIGINAL CYTOPLASMIC MASS INTO TWO PORTIONS

CLEAVAGE FURROW

IN LAB YOU TESTED THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AND METHYLENE BLUE THROUGH AGAR. WHICH DYE MIGRATED AT A SLOWER RATE? WHY?

Methylene blue because it has a heavier molecular weight of 320 compared to potassium permanganate's molecular weight of 158

IN LAB YOU OBSERVED THE PROCESS OF FILTRATION OF A SOLUTION CONTAINING STARCH, COPPER SULFATE AND CHARCOAL. ____________________ DID NOT PASS THROUGH THE FILTER PAPER. WHY?

charcoal and starch because they are of larger molecular size than the filter paper pores

THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AND METHYLENE BLUE THROUGH AGAR IS DIFFERENT,WHY?

DUE TO MOLECULAR WEIGht

IN LAB YOU OBSERVED THE PROCESS OF FILTRATION OF A SOLUTION CONTAINING STARCH, COPPER SULFATE AND CHARCOAL. NOT ALL OF THE SUBSTANCES PASSED THROUGH THE FILTER PAPER. WHICH DID NOT PASS THROUGH? WHY?

Charcoal and starch because the molecular sizes are larger than that of filter paper pores

HOW WAS THE PRESENCE OF CHARCOAL ON THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE VERIFIED?

Noticed visually by black flecks on filter paper

HOW WAS THE PRESENCE OF COPPER SULFATE IN THE FILTRATION BEAKER VERIFIED?

If the filtrate appears to be blue

WHAT WAS USED TO TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF STARCH ON THE FILTRATION PAPER?

Lugol’s Iodine

WHAT COLOR WAS SEEN WHEN THE IODINE WAS PLACED ON THE FILTRATION PAPER?

Black bc starch is present

WHAT COLOR WAS SEEN WHEN THE IODINE WAS PLACED IN THE FILTRATION BEAKER?

Orange. No starch

DOES POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE DIFFUSE FASTER THROUGH LIQUID (WATER) OR SOLID (AGAR)

Liquid

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING AND METHYLENE BLUE, DOES METHYLENE BLUE STAY INSIDE THE TUBING OR EXIT?

EXIT

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING AND METHYLENE BLUE, WHY DOES METHYLENE BLUE EXIT THE TUBING

It is small enough to exit therefore moves down its concentration gradient

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING, DID BLUE DEXTRAN EXIT THE TUBING? WHY?

No. blue dextran could not escape due to its size. blue dextran's molecular weight is too large for it to travel across the dialysis membrane's pores

WHAT MEDIUM WAS USED TO SHOW DIFFUSION THROUGH A SOLID?

Agar

900 g ARE EQUAL TO blank MICROGRAMS (μg)

900*10^6

600 g ARE EQUAL TO blank MICROGRAMS(μg)

600*10^6

9400ml ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY LITERS ?

9.4 L

3200ml ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY LITERS?

3.2L

THE ____________ OF A DIALYSIS MEMBRANE REFERS TO THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF MOLECULES THAT WILL BE ALLOWED TO PASS THROUGH ITS PORES

Pore size

3200ml ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY LITERS?

3.2

1500mm ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY meters?

1.5

800 grams ARE EQUAL TO blank MICROGRAMS (μg)

800*10^6

500 g ARE EQUAL TO blank MICROGRAMS (μg)

500*10^6

6200 ml ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY LITERS?

6.2

700 s ARE EQUAL TO blank MICROSECONDS (μs)

700*10^6

5 X 108 μg / 500,000,000 MICROGRAMS ARE EQUAL TO blank GRAMS (g)

500 500,000,000/1,000,000

7 X 108 μg / 700,000,000 MICROGRAMS ARE EQUAL TO blank GRAMS (g)

700 GRAMS 700,000,000/1,000,000

2000 ml ARE EQUAL TO blank LITERS (L)

.75 LITERS ARE EQUAL TO blank MILLILITERS (ml)

750 .75 x 1000

206 METERS ARE EQUAL TO blank CENTIMETERS

20,600 206 x 100

800 cg/ CENTIGRAMS ARE EQUAL TO blank GRAMS

8 800/100

60 cs/ CENTISECONDS ARE EQUAL TO blank SECONDS

0.6 60/100

20 LITERS ARE EQUAL TO blank CENTILITERS

2000 20x100

2000 METERS IS EQUAL TO blank CENTIMETERS

200,000 2000 x 100

8430g ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY KILOGRAMS?

8.43

600g ARE EQUAL TO blank mg

600,000 600 x 1000

400 GRAMS ARE EQUAL TO blank MICROGRAMS (μg)

400,000,000 400x1,000,000

5500mm ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY METERS ?

5.5

8640g ARE EQUAL TO HOW MANY KILOGRAMS?

8.640