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Biochemistry, Molecular biology Genomics > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Binds to substrates and stabilizes transition state

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

Catalyst that lower the activation energy

A

Enzymes

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3
Q

What’s the. First and 0 order equation of Michaelis- Menten equation?

A 
1st order [S] less than km
0 order (S) more than Km
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4
Q

Is a site that alters the activation site.

A

Allosteric inhibition

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5
Q

Examples of Enzyme Inhibitors

A

Xenobiotics
Vitamins
Trace element

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6
Q

These cannot be synthesized by mammalian cells and they promote optimal enzyme functionality

A

Vitamins

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7
Q

Function of Iron (Fe)

A

Oxygen and electron transport

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8
Q

Less iron causes

A

Microcytic Anemia

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9
Q

Extra Iron causes

A

Hemochromatosis (iron poisoning)

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10
Q

Function of Iodine

A

Constituent of thyroid hormones

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11
Q

Less iodine causes

A

Hypothyroidism (Goiter disease)

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12
Q

More iodine in body causes

A

Hyperthyroidism

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13
Q

Function of Chromium

A

Promote insulin signalling

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14
Q

Less chromium causes

A

Insulin resistance & impaired glucose tolerance

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15
Q

Function of copper

A

Interacts with oxidative enzymes, iron and cross linking of elastin

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16
Q

Less copper causes

A

Anemia

Ossification changes

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17
Q

Function of Zinc

A

Interacts with enzymes of energy metabolism, transcription and translation

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18
Q

Less zinc causes

A

Growth depression
Sexual immaturity
Skin lesions

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19
Q

Function of Selenium

A

Interacts with heavy metals

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20
Q

Less selenium causes

A

Endemic cardiomyopathy

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21
Q

List of Essential Trace Elements:

A 
Iron
Iodine
Zinc
Copper
Chromium
Selenium
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22
Q

List of water-soluble vitamins:

A 
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid )
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Nicotinic acid (Niacin/B3)
Pyridoxin (B6)
Biotin (B7)
Folic acid (B9)
Cyanocobalamin (B12
Lipoic acid
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23
Q

This vitamin act as reducing agent

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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24
Q

Roles of ascorbic acid in body:

A

Iron absorption
Immune system
Growth development
Repair of body tissue

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25
Q

Less vitamin C causes:

A

Scurvy

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26
Q

Swollen/bleeding/purple gums are symptoms of which disease?

A

Scurvy

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27
Q

This water soluble vitamin functions by oxidizing coenzyme aiding electron transport and acyl group transfer.

A

Lipoic acid

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28
Q

Function of B1

A

Energy metabolism especially in brain and nervous system

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29
Q

This water soluble vitamin is essential for pyruvate metabolism

A

Thiamine (B1)

30
Q

Vitamin B1 also known as?

A

Thiamine

31
Q

Less B1 causes:

A

Wernicke -Korsakoff syndrome

Beri-beri (increase of pyruvic acid in blood)

32
Q

What are the symptoms of less amount of thiamine in body?

A

Mental status change, memory loss and nerve damage

33
Q

Riboflavin occurs as two coenzymes of:

A

FAD and FMN

34
Q

This vitamin plays important role in vision health

A

Riboflavin (B2)

35
Q

Less Riboflavin causes:

A

Slowed growth
Cracks/sores around corners of mouth
Light sensitive

36
Q

Function of Biotin

A

Coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involving bicarbonate

37
Q

Biotin also known as

A

B7

38
Q

Niacin occurs as two coenzymes:

A

NAD+ and NADP+

39
Q

Other names of vitamin B3

A

Nicotinic acid

Niacin

40
Q

How vitamin B3 is formed?

A

By hepatic conversion of tryptophan (amino acid)

41
Q

Less Nicotinic acid causes:

A

Pellagra (memory loss, depression and vomiting)

42
Q

Pyridoxine also known as

A

B6

43
Q

Function of vitamin b6

A

Transamination and decatboxylation rxn for amino acid metabolism

44
Q

List of fat soluble vitamins:

A

K
E
A
D

45
Q

What is vitamin A used for and how it is stored?

A

Used by retina

Stored as retinol

46
Q

Function of Vitamin A

A

Combines with opsin protein to form RHODOPSIN (light absorbing molecule)

47
Q

Low (defieciency) of Vitamin A causes:

A

Night blindness

Deterioration of eye tissue

48
Q

Is a collective name of tocopherols and tocotrienols

A

Vitamin E

49
Q

What are the antioxidant properties of vitamin E?

A

Scavenging free radicals

50
Q

Low of vitamin E causes:

A

Delayed growth

Weight loss

51
Q

Function of vitamin K

A

Electron transport coenzyme for clotting factors (hemostasis): bone health

52
Q

Sources of vitamin K

A

Leafy green vegetables

53
Q

Low in vitamin K can causes:

A

Bleeding/hemorrhage

Reduction in bone mineralization and osteoporosis

54
Q

Vitamin k is produced by?

A

Intestinal bacteria- pose risk to antibiotics

55
Q

Vitamin D stimulates calcium absorption from ?

A

Kidney
Intestine
Bone

56
Q

Function of vitamin D

A

Neuromuscular
Immune
Anti-inflammatory

57
Q

Low of vitamin D can causes:

A

Rickets in children (soft bone formation)

Osteomalacia in adults (softening of existing bones)

58
Q

Are ketone / aldehyde derivatives

A

Carbohydrates

59
Q

Also knows as simple sugar

A

Monosaccharides

60
Q

Occurs between simple sugars in ring conformation by_____________reaction.

A

Glycosidic bonds

Acid-catalysed condensation

61
Q

Starch

A

Linked by a1-4 glycosidic bond

62
Q

Energy storage molecule in PLANTS

A

Starch

63
Q

Glycogen

A

Linked by a1-4 and a1-6 bond

64
Q

Energy storage molecule in ANIMALS

A

Glycogen

65
Q

Cellulose

A

Linked by b1-4 bond

66
Q

Building blocks of cell walls in PLANTS

A

Cellulose

67
Q

Chitin

A

Linear polymer of N-acetyl -D-glucosamine linked by b1-4 bond

68
Q

Exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects

A

Chitin

69
Q

Storage barrier impermeable to water

A

Chitin

70
Q

Energy generating process that does bot require oxygen

A

Glycolysis

71
Q

I’m the absence of oxygen, what can be produced instead of puruvate?

A

Lactate

72
Q

Used as dyslipidemia

A

Niacin

Biochemistry, Molecular biology Genomics (1 decks)

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