1

Question 1

above chance

Answer 1

probability; not due to luck but the results

Question 2

bias

Answer 2

conflict of interests; a situation in which you support or oppose someone or sth in an unfair way because you are influenced by your personal opinions

Question 3

bootstrap

Answer 3

to create with available resources (with what you have at hand)

Question 4

byzantine

Answer 4

devious, коварный, complicated and difficult to understand

Question 5

data retention

Answer 5

defines the policies of persistent data and records management for meeting legal and business data archival requirements
хранение данных

Question 6

delineate

Answer 6

outline; to describe sth very exactly

очертить границы

Question 7

disclosure

Answer 7

unveiling (раскрытие), the act of giving new or secret information

раскрытие информации

Question 8

corpus

Answer 8

collection; a collection of writing, e. g. all the writings of one person

Question 9

concurrent publication

Answer 9

submitting your work to more than one review, journal, etc.

параллельное издание

Question 10

discard

Answer 10

to throw sth away

Question 11

fraudulent

Answer 11

falsified, dishonest and illegal

мошенничество

Question 12

hinge on/upon

Answer 12

depend on sth

Question 13

inclination

Answer 13

tendency; a tendency to behave in a particular way or to have a particular interest
склонение

Question 14

monopolize

Answer 14

to control a situation by being the only person or organization involved in it

Question 15

motivated

Answer 15

the opposite of arbitrary, not based on social agreements

Question 16

nom de plume

Answer 16

pseudonym

Question 17

lend itself

Answer 17

to fit better

приспосабливаться,

Question 18

paid expert testimony

Answer 18

a situation in which you pay someone to review your work, it is dishonest and biased

платная экспертиза

Question 19

pass off

Answer 19

to pretend that sth or sb is different from what they really are
притворяться

Question 20

periphery

Answer 20

the outer edge of an area

Question 21

pram

Answer 21

a small vehicle with four wheels for carrying a baby

Question 22

proliferacion

Answer 22

expansion; a sudden increase in number or amount

Question 23

raw data

Answer 23

data without any analysis

Question 24

retain

Answer 24

withhold; to continue to keep sth

хранить

Question 25

redundant

Answer 25

surplus; more than is needed, especially extra words that mean the same thing избыточный

Question 26

review

Answer 26

critique of sth

Question 27

referent

Answer 27

signifier; the object that the sign refers to

Question 28

shuttle

Answer 28

to travel or take people regularly between the same two places перевозить

Question 29

substantive

Answer 29

fundamental; important or serious

Question 30

upheaval

Answer 30

turmoil (суматоха), a sudden or violent change, especially one that affects people’s lives

Question 31

underlying

Answer 31

latent; an underlying reason or problem is the real reason or person, although it is not obvious. A feeling of quality that is latent exists now but is hidden or not yet developed

Question 32

commiserate

Answer 32

express or feel sympathy or pity; | сожалеть

Question 33

construe

Answer 33

interpret (a word or action) in a particular way | понимать, расшифровывать

Question 34

prime

Answer 34

prepare someone for a situation, typically by supplying them with relevant information

Question 35

reckon

Answer 35

establish by calculations; consider or regard in a specific way подводить итог

Question 36

limitations

Answer 36

a limiting rule or circumstance; restriction

Question 37

complimentary research

Answer 37

research in accordance with other research сопутствующие исследования

Question 38

high-impact journal

Answer 38

respected journal

Question 39

stance

Answer 39

the attitude of a person towards sth | позиция

Question 40

sack

Answer 40

уволить

Question 41

turmoil

Answer 41

смятение