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1/11 (Skeletal System) Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal System

A

An arrangement that is built up of bones to:
- Protect the important organs
- Provide the body with support and posture.
- Attachment site for the muscles
- Stores fuels, fats, and minerals
- Aloows movement to occur.

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2
Q

Cartlidge

A

Connective tissues that absorb shock between bones.

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3
Q

Joints

A

Muscles that attach to two bones. When they contract, they pull on the bones and movement occurs.

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4
Q

Fixed fibrous joint

A

Joints that doesn’t move at all. eg: Skull

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5
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Joints with slight movement. eg: lumbar vertebrae

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6
Q

Synovial Joints (list the three types)

A

Most common type of joint with free movement. eg: hip and knee joints.
Three types:
- Pivot
- Ball-and-socket
- Hinge

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7
Q

Pivot Joint

A

A type of synovial joint that manages rotary movements.
eg: Pivot joint at the neck (atlanto-axis)

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8
Q

Hinge joint

A

A type of synovial joint that manages extension and flexion movements.
eg: Hinge joint at elbow.

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9
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

A type of synovial joint that allows bending, straightening, and roatory movements.
eg: Ball-and-socket joint at shoulder and hip.

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10
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease of the angle of a joint

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11
Q

Extention

A

Increases the angle of a joint

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12
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

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13
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of the body

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14
Q

Rotation

A

Bone that rurns on an axis within a jointr

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15
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

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16
Q

Supination

A

Movement that turns the palms up

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17
Q

Pronation

A

Movement that turns the palm face down

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18
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Ankle movement pointing the foot upwards.

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19
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Ankle movement pointing the foot downward

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20
Q

Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot inwards

21
Q

Eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot outwards

22
Q

Musclular system (list the three types)

A

All muscles that can be controlled are attached to the bone. The nervous system sends messages to the muscles to move the bones.
Three types:
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal

23
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

A type of muscle used for movements and completing daily activities.

24
Q

Smooth muscles

A

A type of muscle that is found in blood vessels and are cellular, involuntary.

25
Cardiac muscles
A type of muscle that helps function and protect the heart, involuntary.
26
Ligaments
Connective tissues that connect bones to bones.
27
Tendons
Connective tissues that connect muscles to bones.
28
Agonists
The prime mover in a movement where the muscle is contracted.
29
Antagonist
The relaxer in a movement where the muscle is stretched.
30
Stabiliser
Stabilises one joint so the other can move to perform a function.
31
Reciprocal Inhibition
The movements of body parts with the help of muscles working in groups. One muscle contracts (agonist) whereas the other muscle relaxes (antagonist).
32
Isometric
A type of contraction that doesn't require any movement. eg: plank
33
Isoinertial
Consists of two components. - Concentric (shortens muscles) - Eccentric (lengthens muscles) eg: During a squat, the quadriceps are eccentric and hamstrings are concentric.
34
Slow twitch
A fibre type that uses energy slowly and fairly evenly so it lasts a long time. Characteristics of slow twitch: - Red - aerobic oxygen. - Slow contraction speed - High triglyceride stores An example of a running event that is slow twitch is Marathons.
35
Fast twitch
A fibre type that contracts quickly and helps you perform high intensity exercises over a short period of time. Characteristics of fast twitch: - White - Anaerobic oxygen. - Fast contraction speed - Low triglyceride stores An example of an even that is fast twitch: Long jump
36
How do muscles move?
1. brain sends signals to the muscles (through CNS) 2. signals inform the muscle to release the calcium ions to produce muscle fibres. 3. muscle fibres contract and relax to move a muscle (reciprocal inhibition)
37
How can athletes perform powerful movements with the knowledge of motor unit recruitment?
38
Motor Unit
Motor neurons in the body and the muscle fibers it stimulates. During exercise, the working muscle's force increases, for this to work the brain can: - increase the number of motor units in action - increase the frequency of the emssages sent.
39
Acute injury classification
An injury classification that occurs suddenly without warning. eg: twisting a joint
40
Chronic injury classification
An injury classification that is develops overtime when a particular part of the body is overused. eg: spraining your ankle.
41
What are the two types of acute injuries
- acute direct - acute indirect
42
Acute direct
An injury that occurs as a result of an external force eg: bumping into someone
43
Acute indirect
An injury that occurs when a greater force comes into contact with your body by a sudden change. eg: rolling your ankle or falling on your arm.
44
How do you prevent sport injuries?
- proper warm up and preparation - stretching and flexible training - cool down
45
physical preperation (state the three types)
Ensuring you have sufficient amount of training, allows appropriate progress, and avoids overstrating. The three types of physical preparation: - core training - flexible training - strength training
46
Strength training
The use of weights or resistance to improve muscle and tendon strength.
47
Flexibility training
Enhances strength and power while also reducing the likelihood or injury.
48
Core training
Prevents injuries by increasing the support of the lower back while also improving balance.

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